ABSTRACT
Membranes are used in the pulp and paper industry in a variety of applications; in particular: for the purification and recovery of water, and for the recovery of raw materials or energy. The pulp and paper manufacturing process requires enormous amount of water; to transport the raw materials, to dissolve impurities, to seal various process equipment, to cool and heat, to wash and clean process equipment, and to generate necessary environment for the formation of the hydrogen bonding network between fibers and fillers, which is the basic mechanism of paper formation. Thus, water and its quality are essential issues in the production of pulp and paper.
