ABSTRACT
Optimal regulation of the circulation is dependent on an integration of cardiovascular reflexes with local and circulating humoral factors that regulate myocardial contractility, vascular tone, and intravascular volume (intravascular volume is regulated primarily through renal sodium excretion). Under physiologic conditions, cardiovascular reflexes function in short-term cardiovascular control, whereas humoral mechanisms function as more long-term modulators of cardiovascular homeostasis.
