ABSTRACT
Introduction and History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Properties, Characterization, and Surface
Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576
Production Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Precipitated Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
Silica Gel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Washing/Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 Drying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Pyrogenic Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Handling of SAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Skin Contact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Inhalation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Oral Intake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Pure silica (synthetic silicon dioxide) in powdered form is discussed. After a brief history, this product group
is described from production to applications. A classification of the different synthetic silicas is given, and
the principal differences between pyrogenic and wet-process products are illustrated. After-treated silicas
are also discussed. Various applications of synthetic silicas are described in detail. Questions about useful
handling methods as well as toxicology are addressed.
