ABSTRACT
The major function of the lungs is to ensure the efficient exchange of air (oxygen) from the environment to the blood and from the blood to the cells of the body (Box 18.1). Yet, this very function is performed at the peril of contamination and damage from the many toxic substances transported in the air. The degree and the rate of age-related changes in structure and function of the lungs are variable and depend on the habits of the individual (particularly nutrition, physical exercise, and smoking), on the individual’s environment (urban versus rural), and
the concomitant occurrence of diseases (infections, industrial diseases).
