ABSTRACT

As discussed in Chapter 70, conventional approximation techniques (Butterworth, Chebyshev, Elliptic, Bessel, etc.) lead to a normalized transfer function denoted

low-pass prototype

(LPP). The LPP is characterized by a passband frequency

= 1.0 rad/s, a maximum passband ripple

A

(or

A

), a minimum stopband attenuation

A

(or

A

), and a stopband frequency

.