ABSTRACT
The management of errors is indispensable for finding the true geometric range p from either a pseudorange, or carrier phase observation.
p = p + c ( d t - dT) + dion + dtrop + (pseudorange)
O = p + c(dt - dT ) + XN - dion + dtrop + e0 (carrier phase)
Both equations include environmental and physical limitations called range bi ases.
