ABSTRACT
Flow in a stream or constructed channel is a function of many factors, including precipitation, overland flow, interflow, groundwater flow, and pumped inflows and outflows; the cross-sectional geometry and bed slope of the channel, the bed and side slope roughness; meandering, obstructions, and changes in shape; hydraulic control structures and impoundments; and sediment transport and channel stability. Generally, flow in streams, ditches, channels, and large rivers is classified as
open channel flow
because the surface of the flow is open to the atmosphere. Open channel flow can occur in many ways. For example, it can be turbulent in steep, rocky areas or following severe storm events. Also, during severe storm events, there might be rapid changes in the depth and amount of flow. On other occasions, it can be tranquil, and it will be difficult to detect that the water is flowing.
