ABSTRACT
Designing accessible information and communication technologies (ICT) has always been challenging. However, the dramatic changes in human interface that are now occurring are creating new challenges, some of which cannot be addressed with old approaches. New types of speech, gesture, and biosensor inputs are being developed. ere are also new levels of intelligence, adaptation, and variation in the behavior of interfaces over time. So ware is becoming virtual, as is computing. And the introduction of “pluggable user interfaces” changes the defi nition of “device user interface” from a physical-sensory form to a command and variable form (Vanderheiden and Zimmerman, 2005). About the only thing that is not changing is the human being and the range of abilities and limitations that humans present. However, with the possibility of direct brain interfaces and other direct neural interfaces, abilities and opportunities for human interfaces may be changing as well.
