ABSTRACT
Population models based on the Leslie matrix have a long history of use by ecologists and are one of the modeling approaches that have potential for use in estimating effects of toxicants on populations of organisms. Matrix models are easy to construct and interpret and, as such, can be quite valuable for estimating impacts of chemicals on populations of species we seek to protect. Because matrix models can take into account lethal and sublethal effects and differences in life history parameters among species, they can be effective in providing guidance for management of threatened and endangered species.
