ABSTRACT
Chapters 2 through 6 have been dedicated to the study of optical fi bers and their operation parameters, optical passive and active components, optoelectronic receivers, as well as optical transmitters. An optical transmission system combines all these components with appropriate optical powers at the transmitter and at the receiver so as to satisfy the bit-error-rate (BER) requirement or the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). Shown in Figure 11.1a is the basic structure of the transmission system of multi-span and multiwavelength channels with mid-span optical amplifi ers in a bidirectional arrangement. Figure 11.1b and c also shows the working-fi ber and protection-fi ber structures including add/drop mux insertion.
