ABSTRACT
Creating Inclusive Warnings: Role of Culture in the Design and Evaluation of Risk Communications ..............................................................................................98 Culture, Subculture, and Ethnicity: Definitions and Distinctions ............................99 Modeling Behavior: How People Interact with Warnings ..................................... 100 C-HIP Model .......................................................................................................... 101 Source .................................................................................................................... 102 Channel .................................................................................................................. 103 Delivery .................................................................................................................. 103 Environmental Stimuli ........................................................................................... 104 Receiver ................................................................................................................. 105
Attention Switch................................................................................................ 105 Attention Maintenance ...................................................................................... 106 Comprehension and Memory ............................................................................ 107
Signal Words ................................................................................................ 107 Message Content .......................................................................................... 108 Symbols ........................................................................................................ 109 Level of Knowledge ..................................................................................... 111
Beliefs and Attitudes ......................................................................................... 111 Motivation ......................................................................................................... 113
Behavior ................................................................................................................. 114 Refining Teratogen Warning Symbols: A Case Study in Inclusive Warning Design and Evaluation Methodology ..................................................................... 115 Audience Analysis Using Latent Class Analysis ................................................... 116
Warnings are risk communications used to inform people about hazards and to provide instructions so as to avoid or minimize undesirable consequences such as death, injury, or property damage. Warnings are used in a variety of contexts for numerous kinds of potential hazards. For instance, a product warning might be used to inform users about the electrocution hazard associated with a kitchen appliance, whereas an environmental warning might be used to advise people to evacuate the area where a hurricane is expected to make landfall. While these examples of warnings might appear to be very different, they share a number of commonalities because they are both persuasive safety communications used to guide the behavior of those who receive them.
