ABSTRACT
Disaster management systems are designed to enhance the coordination and collaboration among public safety organizations that provide support for victims of natural disasters and other catastrophic events such as disease outbreaks. However, while designed with sophisticated capabilities to support disaster response efforts, the
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 163 Situation Awareness in Individuals and Teams ...................................................... 164 Team and Shared Situation Awareness .................................................................. 165 Situation Awareness in Disaster Management ....................................................... 166 Situation Awareness-Oriented Design (SAOD) ..................................................... 167 SA Requirements Analysis .................................................................................... 168 SAOD Principles .................................................................................................... 168 Case Study #1: CDC Biosurveillance Teams ......................................................... 170
Overview of Domain ......................................................................................... 170 Cultural Ergonomics Issues in Biosurveillance Teams ..................................... 170 SA Requirements Analysis-Identifying Information Requirements............... 171 SA-Oriented Design Principles-Addressing Information Demands............... 173 Technology Solution-SA-Oriented Biosurveillance System .......................... 174
Case Study #2: American Red Cross Disaster Action Teams ................................ 175 Overview of Domain ......................................................................................... 175 Cultural Ergonomics Issues in Disaster Action Teams ..................................... 176 SA Requirements Analysis-Identifying Information Requirements............... 177 SA-Oriented Design Principles-Addressing Information Demands............... 180 Human Factors and HCI Design Guidelines for Older Adults .......................... 180 Technology Solution-Pinpoint™ .................................................................... 181
Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 183 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. 184 References .............................................................................................................. 184
features and functions of these advanced technologies often do not address important cultural ergonomic issues that may hinder the performance of public safety personnel. In this chapter, we focus on two classes of cultural ergonomics issues that are relevant in disaster management: (1) meeting the collaboration and coordination needs of distributed teams with diverse backgrounds, such as nationality, culture, and ethnicity and (2) meeting the specific human performance needs of teams comprised of special populations, namely, older adults. We propose that these challenges can be addressed by applying sound human factors and human-computer interaction (HCI) principles, with a particular emphasis on promoting the situation awareness (SA) of individuals and teams. Our proposed solution involves adopting an SA-oriented design approach (SAOD) for developing disaster management systems with consideration for relevant cultural ergonomics issues.
