ABSTRACT
Thermodynamics (power from heat) as a science began its development during the nineteenth century and was ˜rst used to understand the operation of work-producing devices such as steam engines. In broadest terms, thermodynamics is concerned with the relationships between different types of energy. Here, we are mainly interested in a specialized area of thermodynamics related to solutions. But before we can understand solution thermodynamics, we ˜rst must review some basic concepts of thermodynamics that will then lead us to the relationships we need for understanding the thermodynamics of solutions. Our goal here is to understand the mathematical basis of the ˜eld and apply the most useful results to our study of biomedical engineering transport phenomena.
