ABSTRACT

The earliest published works that introduced the concept of sliding mode (SM) control can be traced back to the 1930s, and the earliest forms of SM control realization were successfully applied for ship-course control and the control of DC generators [102]. In fact, the development of the theory and applications of SM control were first initiated by Russian engineers, and in the 1950s, the theoretical framework that later facilitated the widespread applications of SM control was reported in the Russian literature [21, 101, 102]. The work was subsequently disseminated outside Russia in English written manuscripts by Itkis (1976) and Utkin (1977) [21]. Since then, the SM control theory has

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from control and practicing engineers around the world.