ABSTRACT
There are many information-sharing applications that are in use on modern networks today.
Concurrently, there are a growing number of users sharing data of increasing value to both sender
and recipient. As the value of data increases among users of information-sharing systems, the risks of
unauthorized data modification, user identity theft, fraud, unauthorized access to data, data corruption,
and a host of other business-related problems mainly dealing with data integrity and user authentication,
are introduced. The issues of integrity and authentication play an important part in the economic
systems of human society. Few would do business with companies and organizations that do not prove
trustworthy or competent.
