ABSTRACT

Although «uoride is not listed as one of the criteria air pollutants regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), it is nevertheless an important gaseous air pollutant. Fluoride (F) is the most phytotoxic air pollutant because it can damage plants at extremely low concentrations. In addition, adverse effects of F are not limited to airborne F: High levels of waterborne F are also hazardous to both humans and animals. In China and India, for example, millions of people are suffering from dental and skeletal «uorosis (abnormal or poisoned tooth and bone conditions induced by F), mainly due to consumption of high levels of F in drinking water.