ABSTRACT

Aging is a complex biological process at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels and is inuenced by genetic and environmental factors. It is generally characterized by a declining ability to respond to stress, an increasing homeostatic imbalance, and an increased risk of aging-related diseases. Although an accumulation of cellular and DNA damages mainly caused by oxidative stress (wear and tear) might be the cause of aging, the weakening repair mechanisms also play an important role [1].