ABSTRACT
Diabetes Mellitus .............................................................................. 113 3.4.4 Can One Exercise Too Much or the Wrong Way? ............................ 113 3.4.5 Avoidance of Adverse Events Related to Hypoglycemia .................. 114 3.4.6 Recommendations for Exercise in the Context of
Complications of Diabetes ................................................................ 114 3.4.7 General Recommendations for Timing, Quality, and Quantity of Diet ......................................................................... 115
3.5 Diet and Exercise in Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus .......... 116 3.5.1 Diet and Exercise in Treatment of T1DM ........................................ 116 3.5.2 Diet and Exercise in Prevention of T2DM ....................................... 117 3.5.3 Diet and Exercise in Treatment of T2DM ........................................ 119
Diabetes mellitus is a disease diagnosed by fasting hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.1 Impact of diabetes mellitus on the economy of the United States is overwhelming as an estimated 25.8 million people or 8.3% of the population have diabetes mellitus.2 This incidence of the disease has doubled since 1980. As diabetes is the leading cause of new renal failure, blindness, and nontraumatic lower-limb amputations, as well as a major contributor to heart disease, stroke, and complications of pregnancy, it is not surprising that costs were estimated in 2007 at $174 billion.3 The adverse effects of the twin epidemics of obesity and diabetes are expected to rise, unless we develop effective therapeutic and preventive strategies. This chapter reviews the development and pathophysiology of diabetes and discusses therapeutic and preventive value of diet and exercise against this disease.
