ABSTRACT
Integrated optics is based on optical waveguides, in which locally increased refractive index causes existence of optical guided modes: distribution of optical wave fields bound in transverse dimensions into waveguide region and propagating along the waveguide axis. The final aim has been for the integration of a number of discrete devices on a single substrate, connected to each other by optical waveguides, as integrated optics circuits. Such integrated optics circuits promise enhanced functionality and performance, compactness, and cost-effective volume production capability.
