ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AA-Atomic Adsorption AAAS-American Association for the Advancement of

Science ALARA-As Low As Reasonably Achievable ALARP-As Low As Reasonably Practicable ALPCO-Association of Local Air Pollution Control

officers (U.S.) ALAT-Alamine Amino Transferase ALK-Alkalinity ALLEA-All European Academies AM-Annual-Maximum AMA-American Medical Association AMD-Acid Mine Drainage AMO-Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation AMP-Adenosine Monophosphate AMU-Atomic Mass Unit ANDRA-National Waste Disposal Organization

(France) ANL-Argonne National Laboratory (U.S.) ANOVA-Analysis of Variance ANP-National Petroleum Agency (Brazil) ANPR-Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (U.S.) ANSI-American National Standards Institute ANS-American Nuclear Society ANTLE-Affordable Near Term Low Emissions ANWR-Alaska National Wildlife Refuge AOAC-Association of Official Agricultural Chemists AOC-Area of Concern (U.S.) AOC-Assimilable Organic Carbon AOCS-American Oil Chemists Society AOGCM-Atmospheric-Ocean General Circulation Model AONB-Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (UK) AOT-Advanced Oxidation Technology AOX-Organochlorine APC-Adenomatous Polyposis Coli APC-Air Pollution Control APCA-Air Pollution Control Association APCS-Air Pollution Control System APDC-Ammonium Pyrolidinodithiocarbonate APEG-Airborne Particle Expert Group APEM-Association of Professional Engineers of Manitoba APHA-American Public Health Association APHIS-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (U.S.) API-American Petroleum Institute APS-Aerodynamic Particle Size APS-American Physical Society

AQCR-Air Quality Control Region (U.S.) AQEI-Air Quality Exposure Index AQMD-Air Quality Management District ARAR-Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate

Requirement ARB-Air Resources Board ARBRE-Arable Biomass Renewable Energy ARDS-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ARM-Aluminized Red Mud ARM-Availability, Reliability and Maintainability ARMS-Agricultural Resources Management Study AROI-Acceptable Range of Oral Intake ARS-Absorption Refrigeration System ARS-Agricultural Research Service (U.S.) AS-Activated Sludge AS-Australian Standard ASBR-Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor ASCE-American Society of Civil Engineers ASEE-American Society for Engineering Education ASHRAE-American Society of Heating, Refrigerating

and Air Conditioning Engineers ASLB-Atomic Safety Licensing Board (U.S.) ASME-American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASPEN-Advanced Systems for Process Engineering ASSE-American Society of Safety Engineers AST-Aboveground Storage Tank ASTM-American Society for Testing and Materials ASTMS-Association of Scientific, Technical

and Manage ment Staffs ASV-Anode Stripping Voltammetry ATOC-Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate ATOFMS-Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer ATP-Adenosine Triphosphate ATP-Advanced Technology Program (U.S.) ATS-Automatic Tracking Service ATSDR-Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease

Registry (U.S.) au-Absorbance Unit AWEP-Association of Women in Environmental Professions AWG-Association of Women Geoscientists AWIS-Association for Women in Science AWMA-Air and Water Management Association AWRA-American Water Resources Association AWSE-Association of Women in Science and

Engineering (UK) AWWA-American Water Works Association

BABFO-British Association for Biofuels and Oil BACT-Best Available Current (Control) Technology BAF-Biological Amplification Factor BALF-Bronchoalveolar Fluid BANANA-Build Absolutely Nothing Anywhere Anytime BAP-Benzo-(a)-Pyrene BAP-Biomass-Associated Product Bara-Bar Absolute BART-Best Available Retrofit Technology BAT-Best Available Technology BATNEEC-Best Available Technology Not Entailing

Excessive Cost (UK) BBADCP-Broad Band Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler BBL-Barrels BCC-Bioaccumulative Chemicals of Concern BCDL-Beverage Container Deposit Legislation BCF-Bio-Concentration Factor BCT-Best Conventional Technology BD-Butadiene BDAT-Best Demonstrated Available Technology BDO-Butanediol BDOC-Biodegradable Organic Carbon BDS-Biocatalytic Desulfurization BEDI-Brownfields Economic Development Initiative BEI-Biological Exposure Indices BEP-Board for the Engineering Profession (UK) BER-Board for Engineering Regulation (UK) BESS-Battery Energy Storage System BFSS-Bioremediation in the Field Search System BGB-Brilliant Green Bile BGS-British Geological Survey BHA-Butylated Hydroxy Anisole BHC-Benzene Hexachloride BHC-Lindane BHET-Bis-Hydroxyethylene Tetraphthalate BHT-Butylated Hydroxy Toluene BICER-Baikal International Center for Ecological Research BID-Background Information Document BIF-Boilers and Industrial Furnaces BIOMOVS-Biospheric Model Validation Study BLL-Blood Lead Levels BLM-Bureau of Land Management (U.S.) BMB-British Medical Bulletin BMP-Best Management Practices BN-Base Neutral BNA-Base Neutral Acid Extractable BNFL-British Nuclear Fuels PLC BNL-Brookhaven National Laboratory (U.S.) BNR-Biological Nutrient Removal BOD-Biochemical Oxygen Demand BOHC-British Occupational Hygiene Society BOOS-Burner Out of Service BPBR-Batch Packed Reactor Bed BPD-Biocidal Products Directive (EU) BPEO-Best Practicable Environmental Option BPL-Beta Propiolacetone BPM-Best Practicable Means BPWTT Best Practicable Waste Treatment Technology

Bq-Becquerel BRE-Building Research Establishment (UK) BREEAM-Building Research Establishment

Environ mental Assessment Management BRH-Bureau of Radiological Health (U.S.) BRWM-Board on Radioactive Waste Management BS-British Standard BSE-Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathies BSERT-Building Services Engineering Research and

Technology (UK) BSI-British Standards Institution BSL-4-Biosafety Level 4 BSP-Biosafety Protocol BT-Biotechnology BTC-Breakthrough Curve BTEX-Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene BTF-Biotrickling Filter BTU-British Thermal Unit BTWC-Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention BTX-Benzene-Toluene-Xylene BV-Bed Volume BWEA-British Wind Energy Association BWR-Boiling Water Reactor

C-Celsius (Centigrade) CA-Cellulose Acetate CAA-Clean Air Act (UK) (U.S.) CAAA-Clean Air Act Amendment (U.S.) CAD-Computer Aided Design CaFCP-California Fuel Cell Partnership CAE-Computer Aided Engineering CAfE-Community Action for Energy CAFE-Corporate Average Fuel Economy CAM-Computer Assisted Mapping CAMP-Continuous Air Monitoring Program C and S-Capture and Storage CANDU-Canadian Heavy Water Moderated Reactor CAP-Chemical Analysis Parameter CAP-Coagulant Aid Polymer CAP-Common Agricultural Policy (EU) CARB-California Air Resources Board CARL-Conservation and Recreation Lands (U.S.) CASSIOPEE-Association of Western European Waste

Disposal Organizations CATNIP-Cheapest Available Techniques Not Involving

Prosecution (UK) CBA-Cost-Benefit Analysis CBED-Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction CBER-Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research CBI-Confidential Business Information CBO-Congressional Budget Office (U.S.) CBOD-Carbonaceous Biochemical Oxygen Demand CBR-Crude Birth Rate CCAA-Canadian Clean Air Act CCAR-Closed-Cycle Air Refrigeration CCD-Charged-Coupled-Device CCDT-Calcium Carbonate Deposition Test CCGT-Combined Cycle Gas Turbine

CCI-Clean Coal Initiative CCL-Climate Change Levy CCL-Contaminant Candidate List (U.S.) CCME-Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment CCMS-Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society CCP-Combined Cool and Power CCPE-Canadian Council of Professional Engineers CCR-Council for Chemical Research CCSM-Community Climate System Model CCT-Clean Coal Technology CDAA-2-Chloro-N, N-Diallyl Acetamide CDC-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) CDD-Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxin CDEC-2-Chlorallyl-N, N-Diethyldithiocarbamate CDER-Center for Drug Evaluation and Research CDF-Chlorinated Dibenzofuran CDI-Capacitive Deionization CDI-Continuous Deionization CDI-Critical Density Index CDM-Clean Development Mechanism CDRH-Center for Devices and Radiological Health CDWG-Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines CEA-Cumulative Environmental Assessment CEA-Atomic Energy Commission (France) CEAA-Canadian Environmental Assessment Act CEAB-Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board CEARC-Canadian Environmental Assessment Research

Council CEC-Cation Exchange Capacity CEC-Commission of the European Communities CECAB-Canadian Environmental Certification Approvals

Board CEES-Complex Ecological-Economic System Cefic-European Chemical Industry Council CEGB-Central Electricity Generating Board (UK) CEM-Continuous Emissions Monitoring CEMS-Continuous Emission Monitoring System CEN-European Committee for Standardization C ENG-Chartered Engineer (UK) CEN/SCK-Nuclear Research Organization (Belgium) CEPA-Canadian Environmental Protection Act CEQ-Council on Environmental Quality (U.S.) CERCLA-Comprehensive Environmental Response,

Compensation and Liability Act (U.S.) CERN-European Laboratory for Particle Physics CESER-Countermeasures: Environmental and Socio-

Economic Response CETP-Common Effluent Treatment Plant CFB-Circulating Fluidized Bed CFBC-Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion CFBC-Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor CFC-Chlorofluorocarbons CFC-1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane CFD-Computational Fluid Dynamics CFR-Code of Federal Regulations (U.S.) CFR-Continuous Flow Reactor CFS-Canadian Forest Service CFS-Cubic Feet per Second

CFSTR-Continuous Flow Stirred Tank Reactor CFV-Clean Fuel Vehicle CGCM-Coupled General Circulation Model CGDF-Coal Gasification Development Facility CG/HCCS-Coordinating Group for the Harmonization of

Chemical Classification Systems CGIAR-Cooperative Group of International Agricultural

Research Centers CGL-Comprehensive General Liability CGMP-Current Good Manufacturing Practice CGSB-Canadian General Standards Board CHIP-Chemical Hazards Information Profile CHL-Chlorophyll CHP-Combined Heat and Power CHPA-Combined Heat and Power Association CHP/HP-Combined Heat and Power/Heat Pump CHS-Contact Hypersensitivity CI-Confidence Interval CI-Cumulative Impact Ci-Curie CIA-Chemical Industries Association (UK) CIA-Cumulative Impact Assessment CIB-Conseil International du Baitment Pour Recherche,

l’Etude et la Documentation CIBSE-Chartered Institution of Building Services

Engineers (UK) CIEH-Chartered Institution of Environmental Health

(UK) CIH-Chartered Institute of Housing (UK) CIP-Clean in Place CISTI-Canadian Institute for Science and Technical

Information CITES-Convention on International Traffic in Endangered

Species CJD-Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease CL-Criterion Level CLAIRE-Contaminated Land Applications in Real

Environments CLARINET-Contaminated Land Rehabilitation Networks

for Environmental Technologies CLD-Chemiluminescence Detector CLER-Carbon-Limited Enrichment CM-Combustible Matter CMA-Chemical Manufacturers Association (U.S.) CMC-Critical Micelle Concentration CMD-Count Mean Diameter CMDL-Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory

(U.S.) CMPU-Chemical Manufacturing Process Unit CMR-Complete Mix Reactor CNC-Condensation Nucleus Counter CNG-Compressed Natural Gas CNI-Consiglio Nazionale Ingegneri (Italy) CNISF-Conseil National des Ingenierus et Scientifiques

de France CNL-Compound Noise Level CNL-Corrected Noise Level CNP-National Research Council (Italy)

CNRS-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)

CNSIF-National Council of French Engineers and Scientists

COD-Chemical Oxygen Demand COGEMA-Nuclear Waste Processing Organization (France) COH-Coefficient of Haze COHb-Carboxyhemoglobin COM-Coastal Oceanographic Model COMEAP-Committee on the Medical Effects of Air

Pollution CONCAWE-Conservation and Clean Air and Water in

Europe COP-Coefficient of Performance COP-Conference of the Parties (UNFCCC) CoPA-Control of Pollution Act (UK) Co-PCB-Coplanar Polychlorinated Biphenyl COPD-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPUS-Committee on the Public Understanding of

Science (UK) COS-Carbonyl Sulfide CO2eq-Carbon Dioxide Equivalent COVRA-Nuclear Waste Disposal Organization (Holland) CP-Coarse Particle CPC-Condensation Particle Counter CPCB-Central Pollution Control Board (India) CPF-Cancer Potency Factor CPI-Chemical Process Industries CPSC-Consumer Product Safety Commission (U.S.) CPVC-Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride CQC-2,6-Dichloroquinonechlorimide CR-Community Respiration CR-Conditioned Response CRADA-Cooperative Research and Development

Agreement CREATE-Centre for Research, Education and Training in

Energy CRM-Capture-Recapture Method CRNL-Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories (Canada) CRT-Continuously Regenerating Trap CS-Conditioned Stimulus CSB-Chemical Safety (and Hazards Investigation) Board CSCE-Canadian Society for Civil Engineering CSH-Calcium Silicate Hydrate CSI-Common Sense Initiative (U.S.) CSIR-Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

(India) (South Africa) CSIRO-Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial

Research Organization (Australia) CSMA-Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association CSO-Combined Sewer Overflow CSOD-Carbonaceous Sediment Oxygen Demand CSPE-Canadian Society for Professional Engineers CSPI-Center for Science in the Public Interest CSR-Center for Scientific Review (U.S.) CSS-Combined Sewer System CSSP-Council of Scientific Society Presidents CST-Capillary Suction Time

CST-Carbon Storage Trust CSTR-Continuous Flow Stirred Tank Reactor CTG-Control Techniques Guideline CTI-Climate Technology Initiative CTR-Council for Tobacco Research CVI-Children’s Vaccine Initiative CVC-Constant Volume Sampler CWA-Chemical Warfare Agent CWA-Clean Water Act (U.S.) CWC-Chemical Weapons Convention CWO-Catalytic Wet Oxidation CWS-Coal-Water Slurry CZARA-Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments CZMA-Coastal Zone Management Act (U.S.)

DAD-Decide, Announce and Defend DADA-Decide, Announce, Defend and Abandon DAF-Dissolved Air Flotation DAS-Data Acquisition System dB-Decibel dB (A)—Decibel A-Weighted DBMCA-Dibromo-p-methyl-carboxyazo DBMS-Database Management Systems DBOOM-Design, Build, Own, Operate and Maintain DBP-Disinfection By-Product DBPC-Di Tertiary Butyl-P-Cresol DBPP-Disinfection By-Product Precursor DBT-Dibutyltin DBT-Dimethyldibenzothiophene DC-Delta Commission (Holland) DCB-4,4 -Dichlorobiphenyl DCE-1,2-Dichloroethylene DCER-Dwelling Carbon Emission Rate DCL-Design Control Limit DDA-4,4 -Dichlorodiphenylacetic Acid D/DBP-Disinfectant/Disinfection Byproduct Rule (U.S.) DDD-1,1-Dichloro-2,2-Bis (p-chlorophenyl)-Ethane DDE-1,1-Dichloro-2,2-Bis (p-chlorophenyl)-Ethylene DDT-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane DDVP-2,2-Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate DE-Diatomaceous Earth DEA-Diethanolamine DEC-Department of Environmental Conservation DEET-Diethyltoluamide DEFRA-Department of the Environment, Food and Rural

Affairs (UK) DEG-Diethylene Glycol DEP-Department of Environmental Protection DER-Discrete Emission Reduction (U.S.) DERC-Discrete Emission Reduction Credits (U.S.) DES-Diethylstilbesterol DETR-Department of the Environment, Transport and

Regions (UK) D/F-Dioxin/Furan DFE-Design for Environment DFB-Diffusion Fiber Bed DHA-District Health Authority (UK) DHEP-Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate

DHEW-Department of Health, Education and Welfare (U.S.)

DHHS-Department of Health and Human Services (U.S.) DHSS-Department of Health and Social Security (UK) DIAL-Differential Absorption Lidar DIH-Division of Industrial Hygiene (U.S.) DiP-Discussion in Principal DL-Detection Limit DL-Difference Limen DMA-Differential Mobility Analyzer DMDS-Dimethyldisulfide DME-Dimethyl Ether DMHRF-Dual Media High Rate Filtration DMI-Danish Meteorological Institute DMR-Discharge Monitoring Report DMS-Dimethylsulfide DMSO-Dimethyl Sulfoxide DMT-Dimethyl Tetraphthalate DNA-Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNAPL-Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid DNB-Dinitrobenzene DNIP-Di-Isononyl Phthalate DO-Dissolved Oxygen DOC-Dissolved Organic Carbon DOD-Department of Defense (U.S.) DOE-Department of Energy (UK) (U.S.) DoE-Department of the Environment (UK) DoH-Department of Health (UK) DOL-Department of Labor (U.S.) DOM-Dissolved Organic Matter DOT-Department of Transport(ation) (Canada) (UK) (U.S.) DPBA-Diphenylbenzamidine DPE-1,1-Diphenylethylene DPKO-Dipyridyl Ketone Oxime DPW-Department of Public Works DQI-Data Quality Indicator DQO-Data Quality Objective DRE-Destruction and Removal Efficiency DRI-Development of Regional Impact DS-Degree of Succession DS-Dry Scrubber DS-Dry Solids DSCD-Danish Research Agency Committee on Scientific

Dishonesty DSM-Demand Side Management DSR-Dissimilatory Sulfate Reducing DTH-Delayed Type Hypersensitivity DTI-Department of Trade and Industry (UK) DTLR-Department for Transport, Local Government and

the Regions (UK) DTPA-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid DWF-Dry Weather Flow DWL-Derived Working Limit DWT-Deadweight Ton

EA-Energy Amplifier EA-Environmental (Agency) (Authority) (UK)

EA-Environmental Assessment EA-Environmental Audit EAA-Electrical Aerosol Analyzer EAC-Extruded Activated Carbon E and C-Engineering and Construction EAGE-European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers EANET-Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia EAP-Emergency Action Plan EAPS-Environmental Aspects in Product Standards EARP-Environmental Assessment and Review Process EASST-European Association for the Study of Science

and Technology EB-Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether EBDC-Ethylene Bisdithiocarbamate EBI-European Bioinformatics Institute EBRD-European Bank of Reconstruction and Development EB/S-Ethylbenzene/Styrene EC-Effective Concentration EC-Electrical Conductivity EC-Engineering Council (UK) EC-European Code EC-European Commission EC-European Community ECCP-European Climate Change Programme ECEPA-Environmental Challenge for European Port

Authorities ECF-Elemental Chlorine Free EC

50 —Mean Effective Concentration ECHS-Environmental Clearing House System ECL-Exposure Control Limit ECMWF-European Center For Medium Range Weather

Forecasting ECOSS-Environmental Coalition of South Seattle ECTFE-European Fluorochemicals Technical

Committee EC2000-Engineering Criteria 2000 ECU-Extractable Copper ED-Electrodialysis ED-Exposure Dose ED-Exposure Duration ED-Extractive Distillation EDC-Electron Donor Compound EDC-Ethylenedichloride EDF-Environmental Defense Fund EDF-European Development Fund EDI-Electrodeionization EDI-Electronic Data Interchange EDIP-Environmental Design of Industrial Products EDR-Electrodialysis Removal EDR-Electrodialysis Reversal EDTA-Ethylenediaminetetraacetate EDXRA-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis EEA-Economic Espionage Act (U.S.) EEA-European Environment Agency EEB-European Environment Bureau EEBPP-Energy Efficiency Best Program EEC-European Economic Community EELS-Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

EEMD-Environmental and Energy Management Directorate (UK)

EES-Environmental Extension Service EF-Emissions Factor EFCE-European Federation of Chemical Engineers EFCEA-European Federation of Consulting Engineers

Associations EFFS-European Flood Forecasting System EFR-External Floating Roof EG-Ethylene Glycol EGA-Exhaust Gas Analyzer EGL-Energy Grade Line EGR-Exhaust Gas Recirculation EGSB-Expanded Granular Sludge Bed EGTC-Exhaust Gas Test Cell EHC-Environmental Health Criteria EHO-Environmental Health Officer (UK) EHS-Environmental Health and Safety EHS-Extremely Hazardous Substance EI-Energy Institute (UK) EIA-Energy Information Administration (U.S.) EIA-Environmental Impact Assessment EIA-Environmental Investigation Agency (UK) EIC-Energy Industry Council EIC-Engineering Institute of Canada EIO-LCA-Economic Input-Output Life-Cycle

Assessment EIP-Eco-Industrial Park EIS-Environmental Impact Statement EJ-Environmental Justice EKMA-Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach ELNES-Energy Loss Near Edge Structure EMAS-Ecoaudit and Management Scheme (EU) EMAS-Employment Medical Advisory Service (UK) eM&T-Energy Monitoring and Targeting EMB-Eosin Methylene Blue EMC-Event Mean Concentration EMEC-European Marine Energy Centre EMEP-European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme EMF-Electromagnetic Field EMIS-Environmental Management Information System EML-Environmental Measurement Laboratory (U.S.) EMP-Emergency Management Plan EMS-Environmental Management Systems EMTIC-Emission Measurement Technical Information

Center (U.S.) EN-European Committee for Standardization ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technology,

Energy and the Environment EngC-Engineering Council (UK) ENHPA-European Network of Health Protection Agencies ENSO-El Nino-Southern Oscillation EO-Ethylene Oxide EO-Executive Order (U.S.) EOS-Earth Observation (Observing) System EPA-Energy Policy Act (U.S.) EPA-Environmental Protection Act (UK) EPA-Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.)

EPB-Extractable Lead EPCRA-Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-

Know Act (U.S.) EPE-Environmental Performance Evaluation EPER-European Pollutant Emissions Register EPFT-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology EPH-Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons EPHA-European Public Health Alliance EPM-Environmental Pressure Measurement EPMA-Electron Probe Micro Analysis EPNdB-Effective Perceived Noise Level EPR-European Pressurized Reactor EPR-Extended Producer Responsibility EPS-Extracellular Polymeric Substance EPSRC-Engineering and Physical Sciences Research

Council (UK) EPTC-S-ethyl, N,N-dipropylthiocarbamate EPS-Engineering Process Safety EQIP-Environmental Quality Incentive Program ER-Environmental Review ERA-Environmental Risk Assessment ERC-Emissions Reductions Credits ERDA-Energy Research and Development

Administration (U.S.) ERP-Emergency Response Plan ERP-Enterprise Resource Planning ERS-Environmental Remote Sensing ERTS-Earth Resources Technology Satellite ESA-Ecological Society of America ESA-Endangered Species Act (U.S.) ESD-Electrostatic Dissipation ESEF-European Science and Environment Forum ESEM-Earth Systems Engineering and Management ESEM-Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope ESEP-European Science Exchange Program ESF-Exploratory Studies Facility ESF-European Science Foundation ESP-Electrostatic Precipitator ESR-Electron Spin Resonance ESR-Environmental Screening Review EST-Energy Saving Trust (UK) ESV-Equivalent Sample Volume ETA-Ecologically Threatened Area ETAN-European Technology Assessment Network ETB-Engineering and Technology Board (UK) ETBE-Ethyl Tert-Butyl Ether ETC/S-European Topic Center on Soil ETG-Emissions Trading Group ETH-Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETO-Ethylene Oxide ETR-Ecological Tax Reform (UK) ETS-Emissions Tracking System ETS-Emissions Trading Scheme ETS-Environmental Tobacco Smoke ETSU-Energy Technology Support Unit (UK) ETT-Effluent Toxicity Treatability ETU-Ethylene Thiourea EU-European Union

EURADWASTE-Nuclear Waste Reports (CEC) EURING-European Engineer EUROMETAUX-European Association of Metals EuroREX-European Renewable Energy Exchange EV-Electric Vehicle eV-Electron Volt EWEA-European Wind Energy Association EWG-Environmental Working Group EZN-Extractable Zinc

F-Fahrenheit FACA-Federal Advisory Committee Act (U.S.) FAIR-Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act

(U.S.) FAME-Fatty Acid Methyl Ester FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) FAP-Filter Aid Polymer FAR-Fatal Accident Rate FAZ-Fly Ash Based Zeolite FB-Fractional Bias FBC-Fluidized Bed Combustion FBI-Family Biotic Index FC-Fecal Coliforms FC-Fuel Cell FCC-Fluid Catalytic Cracker f/cc-Fibers per Cubic Centimeter FCCC-Framework Convention on Climate Change FCM-Fuel Containing Mass FCO-Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK) FD-Formamide FDA-Food and Drug Administration (U.S.) FDD-Fault Detection and Diagnostics FEA-Finite Element Analysis FEANI-European Federation of National Engineering

Associations FEG-Field Emission Electron Gun FEH-Flood Estimation Handbook FEI-Fire and Explosion Index FEMA-Federal Emergency Management Agency (U.S.) FERC-Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (U.S.) FETC-Federal Energy Technology Center (U.S.) FEV-Forced Expired Volume FF-Fabric Filter FF-Future Forests FFA-Federal Facilities Agreement (U.S.) FFA-Free Fatty Acid FFCA-Federal Facilities Compliance Act (U.S.) FFDCA-Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (U.S.) FFF-Forum for the Future FGD-Flue Gas Desulfurization FGR-Flue Gas Recirculation FHSA-Family Health Service Authority (UK) FIA-Flame Ionization Analyzer FIA-Flow Injection Analysis FID-Flame Ionization Detector FIFRA-Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide

Act (U.S.) FIRM-Flood Insurance Rate Map

FISEC-Foundation for Scientific and Educational Cooperation

FML-Flexible Membrane Liner FoE-Friends of the Earth FONSI-Finding of No Significant Impact FP-Fine Particle FPC-Federal Power Commission (U.S.) FPD-Flame Photometric Detector FP6-Sixth Framework Program (EU) EQPA-Food Quality Protection Act (U.S.) FR-Federal Register (U.S.) FRC-Functional Residual Capacity FRP-Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics FS-Fecal Streptococci FSA-Food Standards Agency (UK) FSR-Final Safety Report FSU-Former Soviet Union FT-Fourier Transform FTA-Fault Tree Analysis FTC-Federal Trade Commission (U.S.) FVC-Forced Vital Capacity FWPCA-Federal Water Pollution Control Act (U.S.) FWQA-Federal Water Quality Administration (U.S.) FWS-Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S.) FWS-Free Water Surface FY-Fiscal Year

GAC-Granular Activated Carbon GAMOT-Global Acoustic Mapping of Ocean Temperatures GAO-General Accounting Office (U.S.) GATT-General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs Gb-Giga Barrels GC-Gas Chromatograph GCCI-Global Climate Change Initiative GC-MS-Gas Chromatograph and Mass Spectrometry GCM-General Circulation Model GCM-Global-Circulation Model GCP-Good Combustion Practice GDI-Gasoline Direct Injection GDP-Gross Domestic Product GEF-Global Environment Facility G8-Group of Eight GEM-Genetically Engineered Microbe GEMI-Global Environmental Management Initiative GEP-Global Environmental Program GEV-Generalized Extreme Value GEV-Gumbel Extreme Value GEWEX-Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment GFDL-Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory GHG-Greenhouse Gas GHS-Globally Harmonized System GIS-Geographic Information Systems GISS-Goddard Institute of Space Studies GJ-Giga Joules g.l.c.—Ground Level Concentration GLM-Generalized Linear Model GLP-Good Laboratory Practice GLUE-Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation

GLUMRB-Great Lakes-Upper Mississippi River Board (U.S.)

GM-Genetically Modified GMA-General Mining Act (U.S.) GMO-Genetically Modified Organism GNP-Gross National Product GOR-Gain Output Ratio gpcd-Gallons per Capita per Day GPD-Gallons per Day GPH-Gallons per Hour GPM-Gallons per Minute GPO-Government Printing Office (U.S.) GPP-Gross Primary Production GPS-Global Positioning System GRAS-Generally Recognized as Safe GRAS/E-Generally Recognized as Safe and Effective GRI-Gas Research Institute (U.S.) GRIP-Greenland Ice Core Project GRR-Gross Reproduction Rate GSA-General Services Administration GSA-Geothermal Steam Act (U.S.) G7-Group of Seven GSF-Nuclear Research Organization (Germany) GSH-Px-Glutathione Peroxidase GtC-Gigatons Carbon GTL-Gas to Liquid GTN-Global Trend Network GV-Guideline Value GVF-Gas Void Fraction GVWHO-World Health Organization Guideline Value GWP-Global Warming Potential Gy-Gray

ha-Hectare HA-Humic Acid HAA-Haloacetic Acids HAc-Acetic Acid HACCP-Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Point HAD-Hazards Assessment Document HAP-Hazardous Air Pollutant HAZMAT-Hazardous Material HAZOP-Hazard and Operability Study HBD-2-Hydroxyisobutyl Amide HBM-2-Hydroxyisobutric Acid Methyl Ester HCFC-Hydrochlorofluorocarbon HCS-Hazard Communication Standard HDM-Home Dust Mite HDPE-High Density Polyethylene HDS-Hydrodesulfurization HDTMABr-Hexadecyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide HECA-Home Energy Conservation Act (UK) HEES-Home Energy Efficiency Scheme (UK) HEI-Health Effects Institute HEL-Highly Erodible Land HEPA-High Efficiency Particulate Air HERP-Human Exposure/Rodent Potency HEST-Hazardous Element Sampling Train

HEV-Hybrid Electric Vehicle HEW-Department of Health, Education and Welfare

(U.S.) HF-Hydrogen Fluoride HFC-Hydrofluorocarbon HFE-Hydrofluoroether HFO-Heavy Fuel Oil HGH-Human Growth Hormone HGL-Hydraulic Grade Line HGM-Hazardous Gas Monitor HGMS-High Gradient Magnetic Separation HHS-Department of Health and Human Services (U.S.) HIPPS-High Performance Power Systems HIUI-Health Institute of the Uranium Industry

(Czechoslovakia) HIV-Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus HLB-Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance HLLW-High Level Liquid Waste HLW-High Level Radioactive Waste HM-Heavy Metal HMDE-Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode HMIP-HM Inspectorate of Pollution (UK) HMNII-HM Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (UK) HMSO-HM Stationary Office HON-Hazardous Organic Neshap (National Emissions

Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants) (U.S.) HPA-Health Protection Agency (UK) HPA-Hetero Polyanion HPC-Heterotrophic Plate Count HPLC-High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPS-Health Physics Society HQ-Health Quotient HR-Humidity Ratio HRA-Halogen Resistant Azole HRGC-High Resolution Gas Chromatography HRS-Hazard Ranking Score (U.S.) HRSA-Health Resources and Services Administration

(U.S.) HRT-Hydraulic Residence Time HRTEM-High-Resolution Transmission Electron

Microscopy HSC-Health and Safety Commission (UK) H6CB-3,3 4,4,4 ,5-Hexachlorinated Biphenyl HSCT-High Speed Civil Transport HSDB-Hazardous Substances Data Base HSE-Health and Safety Executive (UK) HSWA-Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (U.S.) HSWA-Health and Safety at Work Act (UK) HTE-Horizontal Tube Evaporator HTF-Heat Transfer Fluid HTFW-High Temperature Fluid Wall HTH-High Test Hypochlorite HTlc-Hydrotalcite-Like-Compounds HTME-Horizontal Tube Multiple Evaporator HTU-Hydro Thermal Upgrading HTRW-Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste HUD-Department of Housing and Urban Development

(U.S.)

HVAC-Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning HVOC-Halogenated Volatile Organic Compound HWC-Hazardous Waste Combustion HWE-Healthy Worker Effect HWI-Hazardous Wastes Inspectorate (UK) HWIR-Hazardous Waste Identification Rule (U.S.) HWL-High Water Level

I/A-Innovative and Alternative IA-Index of Agreement IAEA-International Atomic Energy Agency IAHE-International Association for Hydrogen Energy IAP-Indoor Air Pollution IAP-Inter-Academy Panel IAQ-Indoor Air Quality IARC-International Agency for Research on Cancer IAWPRC-International Association on Water Pollution

Research and Control IAWQ-International Association on Water Quality IBC-International Bulk Container IBRD-International Bank for Reconstruction and

Development (World Bank) IC-Internal Combustion ICAA-International Council of Chemical Associations ICAR-Indian Council of Agricultural Research ICBEN-International Commission on the Biological

Effects of Noise ICBG-International Cooperative Biodiversity Grants

Program ICD-International List of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of

Death ICE-Institution of Civil Engineers (UK) IC

50 —Mean Inhibitory Concentration ICIDI-Independent Commission on International

Develop ment Issues ICP-Integrated Contingency Plan (U.S.) ICPD-International Conference on Population and

Development ICP-OES-Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission ICR-Industrial Cost Recovery ICR-Information Correction Rule ICRAM-Central Institute for Scientific and Technological

Research Applied to the Sea (Italy) ICRP-International Commission on Radiological Protection ICSU-International Council of Scientific Unions ICT-Information Communication Technology ICT-International Critical Table IDEA-International Development Association IDF-Intensity Duration Frequency IDGEC-Institutional Dimensions of Global

Environmental Change IDLH-Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health IDNDR-International Decade for Natural Disaster

Reduction IDSE-Initial Distribution System Evaluation IDWSSD-International Drinking Water Supply and

Sanitation Decade

IE-Cationic Exchange IE-Institute of Energy (UK) IEA-International Energy Agency IEC-International Electrotechnical Commission IEE-Institute of Electrical Engineers (UK) IEEE-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IESWTR-Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment

Rule (U.S.) IFB-Impaction Fiber Bed IFC-International Finance Corporation IFGR-Induced Flue Gas Recirculation IFP-Institut Francais du Petrole (France) IFR-Internal Floating Roof IGBP-International Geosphere-Biosphere Program IGC-Index of Grassland Condition IGCC-Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle IGO-Intergovernmental Organization IGS-Inert Gas System IGT-Institute of Gas Technology IGY-International Geophysical Year IHS-Indian Health Service (U.S.) I/I-Infiltration/Inflow IIASA-International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis IIHE-International Institute for Hydraulic and

Environ mental Engineering IJC-International Joint Commission IKSR-International Commission for the Protection of the

Rhine Against Pollution ILGRA-Interdepartmental Liaison Group on Risk

Assessment (UK) ILO-International Labor Organization ILW-Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste IMDG-International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code IME-Institution of Mechanical Engineers (UK) IMF-International Monetary Fund IMI-Imidazolinone IMIQ-Mexican Institute of Chemical Engineers IMO-International Maritime Organization IMR-Infant Mortality Rate IMS-ICS-Interagency Incident Management System-

Incident Command System (U.S.) INEEL-Idaho National Engineering and Environmental

Laboratory (U.S.) INSA-Institut National des Sciences Appliques (France) InstE-Institute of Energy INTRAVAL-International Geosphere Transport Model

Validation INWAC-IAEA Advisory Committee I/O-Input/Output IOA-Input-Output Analysis IOC-Inorganic Chemical IOD-Immediate Oxygen Demand IoE-Institute of Energy IOH-Institute of Occupational Hygiene (UK) IoP-Institute of Physics (UK) IOP-Indian Ocean Dipole IOPC-International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund IOWG-International Orimulsion Working Group

I/P-Incidence and Prevalence IP-Inhalable Particles IP-Institute of Petroleum IPA-Isopropanol IPACT-International Pharmaceutical Aerosol Consortium

for Toxicology Testing IPAT-Impact, Population, Affluence, and Technology IPC-Integrated Pollution Control (UK) IPCC-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCS-International Program on Chemical Safety IPM-Inhalable Particulate Matter IPM-Integrated Pest Management IPP-Independent Power Producer IPPC-Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (EC) IPPR-Institute for Public Policy Research IPTS-Institute for Prospective Technological Studies IR-Inactivation Ratio IR-Infrared IRAA-Indoor Radon Abatement Act (U.S.) IRB-Institutional Review Board IRIS-Integrated Risk Information System IRP-Inward Processing Release IRPP-Institute for Research on Public Policy IRPTC-International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals IRR-Ionizing Radiations Regulations (UK) IRUS-Intrusion Resistant Underground Structures ISA-Ideologically Structured Action ISA-International Seabed Authority ISES-International Solar Energy Society ISI-Indian Standards Institution ISIE-International Society for Industrial Ecology ISM-Industrial, Scientific, Medical ISO-Independent System Operator ISO-International Standards Organization ISPE-International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineers ISRM-In-Situ Redox Manipulation ISSX-International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics ISTAS-International Symposium on Technology and

Society ISV-In Situ Vitrification IT-Information Technology ITC-Interagency Testing Committee (U.S.) ITD-Ion Trap Detector ITF-Industry Technology Facilitator ITM-Ionic Transport Membrane IUCN-International Union for Conservation of Nature

and Natural Resources IUFoST-International Union of Food Science and

Technology IUGG-International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics IUPAC-International Union of Pure and Applied

Chemistry IURE-Inhalation Unit Risk Estimate IWC-International Whaling Commission IWM-Integrated Waste Management IWPCC-Interstate Water Pollution Control Compact

(U.S.) IWS-Ionizing Wet Scrubber

IX-Ion Exchange

J-Joule JAEC-Japanese Atomic Energy Commission JAERI-Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute JAPCA-Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association JAWWA-Journal of the American Water Works Association JBR-Jet Bubbling Reactor JECFA-Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives JGOFS-Joint Global Ocean Flux Study JMPR-Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues JRSH-Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of

Health JTU-Jackson Turbidity Unit JWPCF-Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation K-Kelvin KASAM-National Council for Nuclear Waste (Sweden) KAST-Korean Academy of Science and Technology KT-Clearness Index kV-Kilovolt Kw-Kilowatt Kwh-Kilowatt Hour LAER-Lowest Achievable Emission Rate LAI-Leaf Area Index LANDSAT-Earth Resources Technology Satellite LANL-Los Alamos National Laboratory (U.S.) LAPIO-Low API Oil LAS-Laser Aerosol Spectrometer LAS-Linear Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate LASER-Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of

Radiation LBL-Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory LBP-Length Between Perpendiculars LCA-Life-Cycle Assessment LCC-Life Cycle Costing LC

50 —Mean Lethal Concentration LCI-Life-Cycle Inventory LCIP-Low Carbon Innovation Programme LCPD-Large Combustion Plant Directive (EU) LCR-Lead and Copper Rule LD-Lethal Dose LDA-Laminar Directional Airflow LDAR-Leak Detection and Repair LDC-Less Developed Country LDC-London Dumping Convention LDF-Local Deposition Fraction LDH-Lactate Dehydrogenase LD

50 —Mean Lethal Dose LDI-Laser Desorption/Ionization LDPE-Low Density Polyethylene LEA-Low Excess Air Operation LED-Light Emitting Diode LEL-Lower Explosive Limit LET-Linear Energy Transfer LFG-Landfill Gas LFL-Lower Flammability Limit LIBS-Laser Induced Breakdown Spectrometry

LID-Low Impact Development LIDAR-Light Detection and Ranging LILW-LL-Low and Intermediate Level Waste-Long Lived LILW-SL-Low and Intermediate Level Waste-Short Lived LLDPE-Linear Low Density Polyethylene LLNL-Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (U.S.) LLW-Low Level Radioactive Waste LMC-Lime-Magnesium Carbonate LMO-Living Genetically Modified Organism LMx-Low Mix Burner LNAPL-Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid LNB-Low NOx Burner LNG-Liquefied Natural Gas LNT-Linear No-Threshold LOD-Limit of Deposition LOEC-Lowest Observable Effects Concentration LOEL-Lowest Observed Effect Level LOI-Loss on Ignition LOOP-Locally Organized and Operated Partnerships LOPA-Layers of Protection Analysis LPC-Limiting Permissible Concentration Lpcd-Liters per Capita per Day LPG-Liquefied Petroleum Gas LPS-Lipopolysaccharide LRT-Long-Range Transport LS-Low Sulfur LSE-London School of Economics LSI-Langlier Saturation Index LSM-Land Surface Model LSTK-Lump-Sump Turnkey LSHTM-London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine LTAR-Long Term Acceptance Rate LTR-Long Range Transport Model LTVE-Long Tube Vertical Evaporator LUC-Land Use Classification LULU-Locally Unacceptable Land Use LUST-Leaking Underground Storage Tank LVHV-Low Volume High Velocity LWL-Low Water Level LWR-Light Water Reactor

MAA-Mycosporine Amino Acid MAB-Man and the Biosphere (UNESCO) MAC-Maximum Acceptable (Allowable) Concentration MAC-(EEC)—Maximum Acceptable Concentration

(European Economic Community) MACS-Miniature Acid-Condensation System MACT-Maximum Achievable Control Technology MAFF-Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (UK) MAH-Maleic Anhydride MANEB-Trimangol 80, Poligram M, Plantineb 80 PM MANOVA-Multivariate Analysis of Variance MA7CD10-Minimum Average 7 Consecutive Day 10

Year Flow MARAMA-Mid-Atlantic Regional Air Use Management

Association (U.S.) MARC-Major Accident Reporting System (EU) MAS-Mobile Aerosol Spectrometer

MATC-Maximum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration MB-Mixed Bed MBR-Membrane Bioreactor MBT-Monobutyltin MBL-Marine Boundary Layer MC-Microcarrier MCA-Manufacturing Chemists Association MCA-Multicriteria Analysis MCDSS-Multicriteria Decision Support System MCFC-Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell MCI-Management Charter Initiative (UK) MCL-Maximum Contaminant Level MCLG-Maximum Contaminant Level Goal MCM-Master Chemical Mechanism MCPA-4,Chloro-2-Methylphenoxyacetic Acid MCR-National Institute of Materials and Chemical

Research (Japan) MCRT-Mean Cell Residence Time MCS-Multiple Chemical Sensitivity MCTT-Multichambered Treatment Train mdd-md × day –1 × dm –2 MDL-Method Detection Limit MDNR-Missouri Department of Natural Resources MDS-Multidimensional Scaling ME-Multiple-Effect Evaporator MEA-Monoethanolamine MEA-Multinational Environmental Agreement MED-Modified Electrodialysis MED-Multieffect Distillation MEK-Methyl Ethyl Ketone MEMS-Microelectro-Mechanical Systems MEPA-Meteorology and Environmental Protection

Admin istration (Saudi Arabia) MESL-Marine Environmental Studies Laboratory (IAEA) MEUC-Major Energy Users’ Council (UK) MF-Microfiltration M/F-Mass/Food Ratio MFA-Material Flow Accounting MFN-Most Favored Status MGD-Million Gallons per Day mg/L-Milligrams per Liter (ppm) MHD-Magnetohydrodynamics MIBK-Methyl Isobutyl Ketone MICROMORT-One in a Million Chance of Death from

an Environmental Hazard MIE-Magnetic Ion Exchange MIE-Minimum Ignition Energy MIGA-Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency MIPAES-Microwave Induced Plasma Atomic Emission

Spectroscopy MIPS-Material Intensity per Service Unit MIR-Maximum Incremental Reactivity MIR-Maximum Individual Risk MIRAGE-CEC Radionuclide Geosphere Migration Project MJO-Madden-Julian Oscillation MLD-Mean Lethal Dose MLD-Million Liters per Day MLSS-Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids

MLVSS-Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids MM-Methyl Mercaptan MMA-Methyl Methacrylate MMC-Monopolies and Mergers Commission (UK) MMH-Monoethyl Hydrazine MMR-Material Morbidity Rate MMR-Maternal Mortality Rate MMT-Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl MoA-Ministry of Agriculture MoD-Ministry of Defense (UK) MOEE-Ministry of Environment and Energy (Canada) MoEF-Ministry of Environment and Forests (India) MONICA-Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in

Cardiovascular Disease MOX-Mixed Oxide MPD-Maximum Permissible Dose MPE-Maximum Permissible Exposure MPN-Most Probable Number MPP-Macroporous Polymer MPPE-Macroporous Polymer Extraction mppcf-Millions of Particles per Cubic Foot MPRSA-Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries

Act (Ocean Dumping Act) (U.S.) MR-Magnetic Resonance MR-Mass Removal MRC-Medical Research Council (UK) MRDL-Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level MRDLG-Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal MRF-Material Recovery Facilities MRF-Municipal Recycling Facilities MRI-Mean Recurrence Interval MRS-Monitored Retrievable Storage MS-Management System MS-Mass Spectrometry MSAT-Mobile Source Air Toxics MSDS-Material Safety Data Sheets (U.S.) MSE-Mean Square Estimate MSG-Monosodium Glutamate MSHA-Mine Safety and Health Administration (U.S.) MSL-Mean Sea Level MSMR-Mean Standardized Mortality Rate MSS-Multispectral Scanner MSW-Municipal Solid Waste MSY-Maximum Sustainable Yield m.t.—Metric Ton Mta –1 —Million Tons per Year (Annum) MTB-Multiply Twinned Particles MTBE-Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether MTBF-Mean Time between Failures MtCeq-Million Tons Carbon Equivalent MTD-Maximum Tolerable Dose MTHF-Methyltetrahydrofuran MTI-Mixture Toxicity Index Mtoe-Million Tons Oil Equivalent mtoe-Million Tonnes Oil Equivalent MVC-Mechanical Vapor Compression MW-Megawatt MWCO-Molecular Weigh Cutoff

MWT-Multiple Well Tracer Test

N-Newton NA-Nutrient Agar NAA-Neutron Activation Analysis NAAQS-National Ambient Air Quality Standards (U.S.) NACA-National Agricultural Chemicals Association (U.S.) NADH-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NAD-Nitric Acid Dihydrate NADP/NTN-National Atmospheric Deposition Program/

National Trends Network NADW-North Atlantic Deep Water NAE-National Academy of Engineering (U.S.) NAFO-North Atlantic Fisheries Organization NAFTA-North American Free Trade Agreement Nagra-Waste Disposal Organization (Switzerland) Naics-North American Industry Classification System NaNp-Sodium Napthalenide NAO-National Audit Office (UK) NAO-North Atlantic Oscillation NAPAG-National Academics Policy Advisory Group (UK) NAPAP-National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program

(U.S.) NAPCA-National Air Pollution Control Administration

(U.S.) NaPEG-Sodium Polyethylene Glycol NAPL-Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid NAS-National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) NAS-National Audubon Society NAST-National Assessment Synthesis Team NASA-National Aeronautics and Space Administration

(U.S.) NAST-National Assessment Synthesis Team (U.S.) NAT-Nitric Acid Trihydrate NB-Nitrobenzene NB-Nutrient Broth NBOD-Nitrogenous Biochemical Oxygen Demand NBS-National Bureau of Standards (U.S.) NC-Number Concentration NCAB-National Cancer Advisory Board (U.S.) NCAR-National Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.) NCB-National Coal Board (UK) NCC-Nature Conservancy Council (UK) NCDC-National Climate Data Center NCEA-National Center for Environmental Assessment

(U.S.) NCEES-National Council of Examiners for Engineers and

Surveyors (U.S.) NCEJN-North Carolina Environmental Justice Network NCEP-National Centers for Environmental Prediction

(U.S.) NCHGR-National Center for Human Genome Research

(U.S.) NCHS-National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) NCI-National Cancer Institute (U.S.) NCI-MS-Negative Chemical Ionization-Mass

Spectrometry NCP-National Contingency Plan (U.S.)

NCRP-National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (U.S.)

NCS-Notification of Compliance Status (U.S.) ND-Not (None) Detected (Detectable) NDA-New Drug Approval (Application) NDA-Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (UK) NDIR-Nondispersive Infrared NEA-Nuclear Energy Agency (UK) NEAT-National Environmental Achievement Award NECI-Network Coordinating Institute NEDO-New Energy and Industrial Technology

Develop ment Organization (Japan) NEERI-National Environmental Engineering Research

Institute (India) NEL-No Effect Level NEP-National Energy Policy (U.S.) NEPA-National Environmental Policy Act (U.S.) NEPA-National Environmental Protection Agency (PRC) NERC-National Environmental Research Council (UK) NERI-National Environmental Research Institute

(Denmark) NERI-Nuclear Energy Research Initiative NERL-National Exposure Research Laboratory (U.S.) NESCAUM-Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use

Management (U.S.) NESDIS-National Environmental Satellite Data and

Information Center NESHAP-National Emissions Standards for Hazardous

Air Pollutants (U.S.) NESS-National Environmental Satellite Service (U.S.) NETA-New Electricity Trading Agreements (UK) NETCEN-National Environmental Technology Centre

(UK) NETL-National Energy Technology Laboratory (U.S.) NEXRAD-Next Generation Radar NF-Nanofiltration NFFO-Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation NFIP-National Flood Insurance Program (U.S.) NFMA-National Forest Management Act (U.S.) NFPA-National Fire Protection Association (U.S.) NG-No Guideline Value NGO-Non-Government Organization (UN) NGV-Natural Gas Vehicle NHC-National Hurricane Center (U.S.) NHEERL-National Health and Environmental Effects

Research Laboratory (U.S.) NHER-National Home Energy Rating (UK) NHS-National Health Service (UK) NIAID-National Institute of Allergy and Infectious

Disease (U.S.) NIBS-National Institute of Building Sciences (U.S.) NICOLE-Network for Industrially Contaminated Land in

Europe NIEHS-National Institute of Environmental Health

Sciences (U.S.) NIH-National Institute of Health (U.S.) NII-Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (UK) NIMBY-Not in My Backyard

NIOSH-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.)

NIREX-Nuclear Industry Radioactive Waste Executive (UK)

NIST-National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)

NLER-Nitrogen-Limited Enrichment NL/h-Normal Liters per Hour NLM-National Library of Medicine NMFS-National Marine Fisheries Service (U.S.) NMC-National Meteorological Centre (UK) NMHC-Non-Methane Hydrocarbon NMMAPS-National Morbidity, Mortality and Air

Pollution Study (U.S.) NMOC-Non-Methane Organic Carbon NMR-Neonatal Mortality Rate NMR-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMSE-Normalized Mean of the Square of the Error NMVOC-Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compound NNI-Noise and Number Index NNR-National Nature Reserve (UK) NNR-Net Reproductive Rate NOAA-National Oceanographic and Atmospheric

Admin istration (U.S.) NOAEL-No Observable Adverse Effect Level NOEC-No Observable Effects Concentration NOEL-No Observed Effect Level NOHSCP-National Oil and Hazardous Substance

Contin gency Plan (U.S.) NOM-Natural Organic Matter NONHEL-Non-Highly Erodible Land NOS-National Occupational Standard NOS-National Ocean Survey (U.S.) NO2, 3-Nitrite Plus Nitrate NOx-Nitrogen Oxides NOy-Reactive Nitrogen NP-Neutralization Point NPAA-Noise Pollution and Abatement Act (U.S.) NPCA-National Parks and Conservation Association

(U.S.) NPDES-National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System

(U.S.) NPL-National Priority List (U.S.) NPP-Net Primary Production (Productivity) NPP-Nonprecipitated Phosphorous NPP-Nuclear Power Plant NPR-National Performance Review (U.S.) NPRI-National Pollution Release Inventory (Canada) NPRM-Notice of Proposed Rule Making (U.S.) NPS-National Park Service (U.S.) NPSH-Net Positive Suction Head NRA-National Rivers Authority (UK) NRC-Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S.) NRC-National Research Council (Canada) (U.S.) NRCS-Natural Resources Conservation Service NRD-Natural Resources Damage NRDA-Natural Resource Damage Assessment NRDC-Natural Resources Defense Council

NREL-National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.) NRMRL-National Risk Management Research

Laboratory (U.S.) NRPB-National Radiological Protection Board (UK) NRR-Net Reproduction Rate NRT-National Response Team (U.S.) NSERC-National Science and Engineering Research

Council (Canada) NSF-National Science Foundation (U.S.) NFSOM-Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy NSPE-National Society of Professional Engineers (U.S.) NSPS-New Source Performance Standards (U.S.) NSR-New Source Review NTA-Nitrilotriacetic Acid NTI-Nuclear Threat Initiative NTN-National Trends Network NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTP-National Toxicology Program (U.S.) NTS-Not to Scale NTSB-National Transportation Safety Board (U.S.) NTTC-National Technology Transfer Center (U.S.) NTU-Nephelometric Turbidity Unit Nu-Nusselt Number NURP-National Urban Runoff Program (U.S.) NWP-Numerical Weather Prediction NWR-National Wildlife Refuge (U.S.) NWS-National Weather Service (U.S.) NWTRB-Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board (U.S.)

OA-Overfire Air OBO-Ore-Bulk-Oil OCAG-Off-Site Consequences Analysis Guidance (U.S.) OCCM-Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards

Control Cost Manual (U.S.) OCEF-Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (Japan) OCGCM-Ocean Coupled General Circulation Model OCP-Organopesticides OCPSF-Organic Chemicals, Plastics and Synthetic Fibers OCS-Outer Continental Shelf O.D.—Optical Density ODA-Overseas Development Agency (UK) ODP-Ocean Drilling Programme (Australia) ODP-Ozone Depletion Potential ODS-Ozone Depleting Substance OECD-Organization for Economic Cooperation and

Development OEL-Occupational Exposure Limit O8CDD-Octochloro Dibenzo-p-Dioxin O8CDF-Dibenzofuran OEM-Office of Emergency Management (U.S.) OEM-Original Equipment Manufacturer OERR-Office of Emergency and Remedial Response

(U.S.) OES-Occupational Exposure Standard (UK) OES-Office of Endangered Species (U.S.) OFA-Overfire Air OHS-Occupational Hygiene Secretariat (UK) OH & S-Occupational Health and Safety

OIE-Organisation Internationale des Epizooties OIES-Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (UK) OLED-Organic Light-Emitting Diode OLR-Organic Loading Rate O & M-Operation and Maintenance OMB-Office of Management and Budget (U.S.) OMG-Old Mixed Grade OMT-Open Market Trading OMTR-Open Market Trading Credits Rule (U.S.) OMZ-Oxygen-Minimum Zone ONBC-Overnight Nutrient Broth Culture ONDRAF-Waste Disposal Organization (Belgium) OP-Organophosphate OPA-Oil Pollution Act (U.S.) OPCW-Organization for Prevention of Chemical Warfare OPEC-Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPETS-Organization for the Promotion of Energy

Technologies (EU) OP-FTIR-Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared OPLA-High Level Waste Disposal Program (Holland) OPS-Office of Pipeline Safety (U.S.) OR-Odds Ratio ORD-Office of Research and Development (U.S.) ORI-Office of Research Integrity (U.S.) ORNL-Oak Ridge National Laboratory (U.S.) ORP-Oxidation-Reduction Potential ORSANCO-Ohio River Sanitation Commission (U.S.) OSAT-On-Site Assistance Team (EC) OSHA-Occupational Safety and Health Act (U.S.) OSHA-Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(U.S.) OSPAR-Oslo-Paris Agreement OSPM-Operational Street Pollution Model OSPREY-Ocean Swell Powered Renewable Energy (UK) OST-Office of Science and Technology (UK) (U.S.) OSW-Office of Saline Water (U.S.) OSWER-Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response

(U.S.) OTA-Office of Technology Assessment (U.S.) OTEC-Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion OTR-Oxygen Transfer Rate OTR-Ozone Transport Region (U.S.) OUR-Oxygen Uptake Rate OVA-Organic Vapor Analysis OW-Oil in Water Ox-Total Oxidants

P-Polystyrene Pa-Pascal PA-Polymide PABA-Para-Amino-Benzoic Acid PAC-Polyaluminum Chloride PAC-Powered Activated Carbon PAC1-Polyaluminum Chloride PACT-Programme for Alternative Fluorocarbon Toxicity

Testing PAFC-Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell PAH-Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons

PAHO-Pan American Health Organization (WHO) PAL-Plantwide Applicability Limits PAN-Peroxyacetyl Nitrate P and T-Pump and Treat Paracom-Paris Commission PARC-Pan African Rinderpest Campaign PARCCS-Precision, Accuracy, Representativeness,

Comparability, Completeness, Sensitivity PARIS-Program for Assisting the Replacement of

Industrial Solvents PATH-Plan for Analyzing and Testing Hypotheses PBL-Planetary Boundary Layer PBMR-Pebble-Bed Modular Reactor PBS-Package Boiler Simulator PC-Polycarbonate PC-Pulverized Coal PCA-Plate Count Agar PCA-Principal Component Analysis PCB-Polychlorinated Biphenyl PCBP-Polychloro Bi Phenylene PCBz-Polychloro Benzene PCCY-Polychlorinated Chrysene PCD-Particle Charge Detector PCD-Process Control Diagram PCDD-Polychlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin PCDET-Post-Completion Discrete Extraction Test (U.S.) PCDF-Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran PCDPE-Polychlorinated Diphenyl Ether PCE-Perchlorethylene PCE-Tetrachloroethylene pCi/L-Picocuries per Liter PCN-Polychlorinated Napthalene PCP-Pentachlorophenol PCPA-Post-Closure Performance Assessment (U.S.) PCPY-Polychlorinated Pyrene PCQ-Polychlorinated Quaterphenyl PCQE-Polychlorinated Quaterphenyl Ether PCR-Polymerase Chain Reaction PCV-Positive Crankcase Ventilation PDA-Potato Dextrose Agar PDE-Partial Differential Equation PDF-Probability Density Function PDO-Pacific Decadal Oscillation PE-Performance Evaluation PE-Polyethylene PE-Professional Engineer (U.S.) PEA-Performance Evaluation Audit PEACE-Pollution Effects on Asthmatic Children in

Europe PEC-Process Economic Program PEELS-Parallel Acquisition Systems PEFR-Peak Expiratory Flow Rate PEI-Potential Environmental Impact PEIs-Professional Engineering Institutions (UK) PEL-Permissible Exposure Limit PEM-Proton Exchange Membrane PEMFC-Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell PEN-Polyethylene Napthalate

P ENG-Professional Engineer (Canada) PEO-Professional Engineers Ontario PER-Partial Exfiltration System PES-Project Environmental Summary PES-Public Electricity Supplier PET-Polyethylene Terephthalate PF-Phenol-Formaldehyde PF-Pulverized Fuel P5CB-3,3 ,4,4 ,5-Pentachlorinated Biphenyl PFBC-Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion PFC-Perfluoro (Carbon) Compounds PFD-Process Flow Diagram PFR-Plug Flow Reactor PFRP-Process to Further Reduce Pathogens PFS-Pulverized Fly Ash PFT-Peak Flame Temperature PHA-Process Hazard Analysis PHA-Pulse Height Analysis PHARE-CEC Program to Assist Eastern European

Countries PHB-Polyhydroxy Butyrate PHC-Petroleum Hydrocarbons PHS-Public Health Service (U.S.) PI-Principal Investigator PIC-Prior Informed Consent Procedure PIC-Product of Incomplete Combustion PIEL-Pharmacologically Insignificant Exposure Limit PIOT-Physical Input-Output Table PIRG-Public Interest Research Group (U.S.) PIXIE-Particle Induced X-Ray Emission PL-Public Law (U.S.) PLA-Polylactic Acid PLC-Programmable Logic Controller PLL-Probable Loss of Life PLM-Polarized Light Microscopy PM-Particulate Matter PM0.1-Ultrafine Particle PM2.5-Particles Less than 2.5 Micrometers PM10-Particles Less than 10 Micrometers PMA-Phenyl Mercuric Acetate PMMA-Polymethylmethacrylate PMN-Phenyl Mercuric Nitrate PMM-Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils PMN-Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils PMN-Premanufacture Notice (U.S.) PMR-Proportionate Mortality Rate PNC-Japanese Nuclear Power Corporation PNdB-Perceived Noise Level PNGV-Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles PNL-Pacific Northwest Laboratory (U.S.) PNNL-Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (U.S.) PODAAC-Physical Oceanography Distributed Active

Archive POE-Point of Entry POHC-Principal Organic Hazardous Constituent POL-Project Objectives Letter (U.S.) PolyTHF-Polytetrahydrofuran POM-Polycyclic Organic Matter

POM-Princeton Ocean Model POP-Persistent Organic Pollutant POT-Peaks-Over Threshold POTW-Publicly Owned Treatment Works (U.S.) POU-Point of Use PP-Polypropylene PP-Precautionary Principle ppb-Parts per Billion ppbv-Parts per Billion by Volume PPE-Personal Protective Equipment PPEQ-Pre-Project Environmental Questionnaire ppm-Parts per Million (Milligrams per Liter) (Grams per

Cubic Meter) ppmv-Parts per Million by Volume ppmw-Parts per Million by Weight ppt-Parts per Trillion ppth-Parts per Thousand PPU-Pertinent Process Unit Pr-Prandt1 Number PRA-Paperwork Reduction Act (U.S.) PRA-Probabilistic Risk Assessment PRAS-Prereduced Anaerobically Sterilized PRG-Preliminary Remediation Goals (U.S.) PRP-Potentially Responsible Party (U.S.) PRZ-Potential Repository Zone PS-Polystyrene PSA-Probabilistic Safety Assessment PSAC-President’s Science Advisory Committee (U.S.) PSC-Polar Stratospheric Cloud PSD-Prevention of Significant Deterioration (U.S.) PSF-Peat-Sand Filter PSF-Pounds per Square Foot PSI-Pounds per Square Inch PSM-Process Safety Management (U.S.) PSR-Preliminary Safety Report PSRP-Process to Significantly Reduce Pathogens PTFE-Polytetrafluoroethylene P3-Public Performance-Based Permitting Program PTM-Photochemical Trajectory Model PTR-Project Tracking Register PTWI-Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake P2-Pollution Prevention PU-Polyurethane PULSAR-Phillips’ Ultra Low Sulfur Atmospheric Residue PV-Permanganate Value PV-Photovoltaic PV-Polyvinyl PVA-Polyvinyl Acetate PVA-Process Vulnerability Analysis PVC-Polyvinyl Chloride PVS-Physical Vapor Synthesis PVT-Photovoltaic/Thermal PWS-Public Water System PZC-Point of Zero Charge

QA-Quality Assurance QACC-Quaternary Ammonium Compounds QAPP-Quality Assurance Project Plan (U.S.)

QC-Quality Control QEP-Qualified Environmental Professional QF-Qualified Facility QIP-Quality Improvement Program QPF-Quantitative Precipitation Forecast QRA-Quantitative Risk Assessment QSAR-Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship QUANGO-Quasi Autonomous Non-Governmental

Organization QUARG-Quality of Urban Air Review Group

R-Rankine R-Universal Gas Constant r-Roentgen RA-Rapid Appraisal RAB-Registrar Accreditation Board RACT-Reasonably Available Control Technology Rad-Roentgen-Absorption-Dose RADWASS-IAEA Publication on Radioactive Waste RAF-Radiation Amplification Factor RAMS-Regional Atmospheric Model System RAP-Rapid Assessment Program RAR-Reasonable Assumed Resource RaSoS-Raman Sort Spectrometer RBC-Rotating Biological Contactor RBCA-Risk Based Corrective Action RBE-Relative Biological Effectiveness RBSL-Risk-Based Screening Levels RCEP-Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution

(UK) RCM-Regional Climate Modelling RCO-Regenerative Catalytic Oxidation RCRA-Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (U.S.) RCT-Reference Control Technology R & D-Research and Development RD & D-Research, Development and Demonstration RDF-Refuse-Derived Fuel RDS-Residue-Oil Hydrodesulfurization Re-Reynolds Number REACH-Registration, Evaluation, Authorization of

Chemicals RECLAIM-Regional Clean Air Incentives Market (U.S.) REI-Regional Environmental Initiative REL-Recommended Exposure Limit REMA-Regulatory Environmental Modelling of

Antifoulants REO-Renewable Energy Obligation RERF-Radiation Effects Research Foundation Rem-Roentgen-Equivalent-Man Rep-Roentgen-Equivalent-Physical RF-Radio Frequency RFBR-Russian Federation for Basic Research RFCC-Residue-Oil Fluid Catalytic Cracking REF-Resources for the Future RFG-Reformulated Gasoline RFLPS-Restriction-Fragment-Length Polymorphisms RGH-Renewably Generated Hydrogen RGR-Relative Growth Rate

RH-Relative Humidity RHA-Regional Health Authority (UK) RI-Remedial Investigation RI-Return Interval Ri-Richardson Number RIA-Regulatory Impact Analysis RIBA-Royal Institution of British Architects RI-FS-Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study

(U.S.) RIIA-Royal Institute of International Affairs (UK) RL50-Residue Half Life RMCL-Recommended Maximum Contaminant Level RME-Reasonable Maximum Exposure RMLT-Regression Models in Life Tables RMP-Risk Management Program (Plan) (U.S.) RMR-Required Mass Removal RNA-Ribonucleic Acid RNI-Rates of Natural Increase RO-Renewables Obligation RO-Reverse Osmosis ROC-Renewable Obligation Certificate ROD-Record of Decisions (Superfund) (U.S.) ROFA 6-Residual Oil Fly Ash (No. 6 Fuel Oil) RORO-Roll On Roll Off RoSPA-Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (UK) RP-Return Period R/P-Reserve/Production RPA-Radiation Protection Act (UK) RPA-Renewable Power Association RPE-Respiratory Protection Equipment RPP-Radiation Protection Program (Canada) RPS-Renewable Portfolio Standard RQ-Reportable Quantity (U.S.) RR-Relative Risk RRRR-Reduce/Recovery/Recycle/Reuse RRT-Relative Retention Time RS-Royal Society (UK) RSA-Radioactive Substances Act (UK) RSC-Reactor Safety Commission (Germany) RSC-Royal Society of Chemistry (UK) RSD-Relative Standard Deviation RSH-Royal Society of Health (UK) RTD-Residence Time Distribution RTDF-Remediation Technologies Development Forum RTO-Regenerative Thermal Oxidation RVP-Reid Vapor Pressure RWMAC-Radioactive Waste Management Advisory

Committee (UK)

SAED-Selected Area Electron Diffraction SAGE-Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment S and T-Science and Technology SAR-Sodium Adsorption Ratio SAR-Specific Absorption Rate SAR-Structure-Activity Relationship SARA-Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act

(U.S.) SARTOR-Standards and Routes to Registration (UK)

SASS-Source Assessment Sampling System SAVEII-Specific Action for Vigorous Energy Efficiency

(EU) SBR-Sequencing Batch Reactor SBR-Stillbirth Rate SBS-Sick Building Syndrome SBT-Segregated Ballast Tank Sc-Schmidt Number SC-Sierra Club SCADA-Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCAPS-Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer

System SCAQMD-South Coast Air Quality Management District SCF-Standard Cubic Feet SCF-Supercritical Fluid SCOPE-Scientific Committee on Problems of the

Environment SCR-Selective Catalytic Reduction SCS-Soil Conservation Service (U.S.) SCW-Supercritical Water SCWO-Supercritical Wet (Water) Oxidation SD-Solar Distillation SD-Standard Deviation SD-Sustainable Development SDBS-Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate SDI-Silt Density Index SDR-Surplus Discrete Reductions (U.S.) S & DSI-Stiff and Davis Stability Index SDWA-Safe Drinking Water Act (U.S.) SEA-Strategic Environmental Assessment SEARR-South East Asia Rainforest Research Program SEASAT-Earth Satellite for Sea Surveys SEC-Site-Specific Energy Consumption SEC-Size Exclusion Chromatography SED-Soil Evacuation and Disposal Plan (U.S.) SEE-Society of Environmental Engineers (UK) SEER-Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results SEFI-European Society for Engineering Education SELCHP-South East London Combined Heat and Power

(UK) SEM-Scanning Electron Microscope SEP-Supplemental Environmental Project SERC-Scientific and Engineering Research Council

(UK) SERI-Solar Energy Research Institute SET-Science, Engineering, Technology SETAC-Society of Environmental Toxicology and

Chemistry SF-Safety Factor SFIP-Sector Facility Indexing Project (U.S.) SG-Sustained Growth Sh-Sherwood Number SHASE-Society of Heating, Air Conditioning and

Sanitary Engineers (Japan) SHE-Safety, Health and the Environment SHE-Systeme Hydrologique European SHP-Shaft Horsepower SHPO-State Historic Preservation Officer (U.S.)

SHWP-Seismic Hazards Working Party SI-International System of Units (Systeme International

d’Unites) SI-Saturation Index SI-Statutory Instruments (UK) SIC-Standard Industrial Classification (U.S.) SIL-Safety Integrity Level SIM-Selective Ion Monitoring SIMS-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry SIP-Site Implementation Plan (U.S.) SIP-Sterilization in Place SIPI-Scientists’ Institute for Public Information SIS-Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible SKAPP-Scientific Knowledge and Public Policy SKI-Radiation Protection Institute (Sweden) SL-Surface Layer SLAMM-Source Loading and Management Model SLAPP-Strategic Lawsuit against Public Participation

(Canada) SLM-Supported Liquid Membrane SMB-Simulated Moving Bed SMCL-Secondary Maximum Contaminant Level SMCRA-Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act

(U.S.) SME-Solar Mesospheric Explorer SMP-Soluble Microbial Product SMPS-Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer SMR-Standardized Mortality Ratio (Rate) SMZ-Surface Modified Zeolite SNAP-Significant New Alternatives Policy SNARL-EPA Suggested No Adverse Response Level

(U.S.) SNCR-Selective Noncatalytic Reduction SNL-Sandia National Laboratory (U.S.) SNL-Scottish Nuclear Ltd SNL-Sense Noise Level SOA-Secondary Organic Aerosols SOC-Soluble Organic Compound (Chemical) SOC-Synthetic Organic Chemical SOCMI-Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing

Industry SOD-Sediment Oxygen Demand SOFC-Solid Oxide Fuel Cell SOI-Southern Oscillation Index SoPHE-Society of Public Health Engineers SOx-Sulfur Oxides SPCC-Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures SPE-Solid Phase Extraction SPE-Survivor Population Effect SPFC-Solid Polymer Fuel Cell SPI-Society of the Plastics Industry SPM-Scanning Probe Microscopy SPME-Solid-Phase Microextraction SPOT-Systeme Pour l’Observation de La Terre (France) SPSS-Sulfur Polymer Stabilization and Solidification SRC-Science Research Council (UK) SRF-State Revolving Fund (U.S.) SR&O-Statutory Regulations and Orders (UK)

SRT-Solids Retention Time S/S-Solidification/Stabilization SS-Suspended Solids SSA-Specific Surface Area SSBY-Sewage Solids By-Product SSD-Safe Separation Distance SSHRC-Social Sciences and Humanities Research

Council (Canada) SSI-Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (Sweden) SSIT-Society on Social Implications of Technology SSOW-Source Separated Organic Waste SSSI-Site of Special Scientific Interest (UK) SST-Sea-Surface Temperature SST-Supersonic Transport SSTL-Site Specific Target Levels STAPPA-State and Territorial Air Pollution Program

Administrators (U.S.) STEL-Short Term Exposure Limit STEM-Standard Transmission Electron Microscope STEP-Septic Tank Effluent Pump STEP-Standard for Exchange of Production STM-Scanning Tunneling Microscopy STORM-Storage Treatment Overflow and Runoff Model STP-Standard Temperature and Pressure STS-Supercooled Ternary Solution SU-Standard Unit SUVA-Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance Sv-Sievert SVE-Soil Vapor Extraction SVI-Sludge Volume Index SVIN-Swiss Association of Women Engineers SVOC-Semivolatile Organic Compound SVR-Sludge Volume Ratio SWAMP-Storm Water Assessment, Monitoring and

Per formance Program (Canada) SWDA-Solid Waste Disposal Act (U.S.) SWE-Society of Women Engineers (U.S.) SWH-Solar Water Heater SWJ-Sewage Works Journal SWMM-Stormwater Management Model

TA-Total Alkalinity TAC-Total Annual Cost TADC-Tire-Derived Activated Carbon TAEE-Tert-Amyl Ethyl Ether TAME-Tert-Amyl Methyl Ether TAO-Tropical Atmosphere Ocean TAPPI-Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper

Industry TAW-Technical Advisory Committee on Water Defenses

(Holland) TB-Tracheobronchial TBT-Tributyltin TC-Total Coliforms TCA-Trichloroethane TCDD-2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin TCDF-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran TCE-Trichloroethylene

TCER-Target Carbon Emission Rate TCF-Totally Chlorine Free TCI-Total Capital Investment TCLP-Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure

(Potential) (U.S.) TCN-Technical Cooperation Network TCP-Trichloropropane TCR-Total Coliform Rule TCU-True Color Unit TDH-Total Dynamic Head TDI-Tolerable Daily Intake TDI-Toluene-2,4-Diisocyanate TDS-Total Dissolved Solids TEA-Triethanolamine TEB-Total Exchangeable Bases TECSEC-Technical Secretariat TEL-Tetraethyl Lead TEL-Total Energy Line TEM-Total Extractable Matter TEOM-Tapered Elemental Oscillating Microbalance TEQ-Toxic Equivalent TFAP-Tropical Forestry Action Plan TFE-Tetrafluoroethylene T4CB-3,3 ,4,4 -Tetrachlorinated Biphenyl THAA-Total Haloacetic Acids THC-Thermohaline Circulation THC-Total Hydrocarbon THESUS-Thermal Solar European Power Station THF-Tetrahydrofuran THM-Chloro-Organics THM-Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical THM-Trihalomethane ThOD-Theoretical Oxygen Demand THORP-Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant 3P-Pollution Prevention Pays TI-Tobacco Institute TIC-Total Industry Control TIE-Toxicity Investigation Evaluation TIEL-Toxicologically Insignificant Exposure Limit TIO-Technology Innovation Office (U.S.) TISE-Take It Somewhere Else TKN-Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen TL-Threshold Limit TLC-Total Lung Capacity TL, m-Threshold Limit, median TLV-Threshold Limit Value TM-Thematic Mapper TMDL-Total Maximum Daily Load TMI-Three Mile Island TMP-Transmembrane Pressure TN-Total Nitrogen TNCB-Trinitrochlorobenzene TNO-Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific

Research TNO-Total Number of Organisms TNRCC-Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission TOC-Total Organic Carbon toe-Tonnes Oil Equivalent

TOGA-Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere TOMS-Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer TOX-Tetradichloroxylene TP-Total Phosphorous TPA-Tetraphthalic Acid TPH-Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons TPL-Trust for Public Lands TPP-Tripolyphosphate TPU-Thermal Processing Unit TPV-Third-Party Verification TQ-Threshold Quantity TQM-Total Quality Management TRE-Total Resource Effectiveness TRE-Toxicity Reduction Evaluation TRI-Toxics Release Inventory (U.S.) TRIP-Trade Related Intellectual Property TRS-Total Reduced Sulfur TS-Total Solids TSA-Technical Systems Audit TSCA-Toxic Substances Control Act (U.S.) TSCATS-Toxic Substances Control Act Test

Submission TSDF-Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facility TSDHW-Transportation, Storage and Disposal of

Hazardous Wastes TSE-Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies TSP-Total Soluble Phosphorous TSP-Total Suspended Particulates TSS-Total Suspended Solids TT-Treatment Technique TTHM-Total Trihalomethane TTNBS-Technology Transfer Network Bulletin System TTO-Total Toxic Organics TTO-Troposphere Ozone TTT & O-Time, Temperature, Turbulence and Oxygen TUC-Trades Union Congress (UK) TVC-Thermal Vapor Compression TVO/IVO-Finnish Nuclear Organization TWA-Time Weighted Average TWh-Tetrawatt Hours

UASB-Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (Bed) UATI-Union of Technical Associations and Organizations UBA-German Federal Environmental Agency UC-Uniformity Coefficient UCM-Unresolved Complex Mixtures UCPC-Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter UCS-Unconditioned Stimulus UEIP-Use and Exposure Information Voluntary Project

(U.S.) UEL-Upper Explosive Limit UF-Ultrafiltration UFL-Upper Flammability Limit UKMO-UK Meteorological Office UL-Underwriters Laboratories ULCC-Ultra Large Crude Carrier ULSD-Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel ULSP-Ultra Low Sulfur Petrol

UMIST-University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology

UN-United Nations UNCED-UN Conference on Environment and Development UNCED-UN Convention on Environmental Diversity UNCLOS-UN Conference on the Law of the Sea UNDP-UN Development Program UNECE-United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNEP-UN Environment Program UNESCO-UN Education, Scientific and Cultural

Organization UNFCCC-United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change UNICEF-UN Children’s Fund UNICHAL-International Union of Heat Distributors UNIDO-UN Industrial Development Organization UNU-United Nations University UOD-Ultimate Oxygen Demand UP-Ultrafine Particle UPW-Ultrapure Water URV-Unit Risk Value USC-U.S. Code USCG-U.S. Coast Guard USCGS-U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey USDW-Underground Source of Drinking Water USGS-U.S. Geological Survey USP-U.S. Pharmacopoeia USPHS-U.S. Public Health Service UST-Underground Storage Tank UV-Ultraviolet UVR-Ultraviolet Radiation

V-Vinyl VA-Volatile Acid VA-Vulnerability Assessment VBS-Volatile Biofilm Solids VC-Vapor Compression VCM-Vinyl Chloride Monomer VDI-Verein Deutscher Ingenieure VE-Visual Emissions VER-Variable Energy Recovery VFA-Volatile Fatty Acid VFVA-Vacuum Flash Vapor Absorption VHAP-Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutant VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research VLCC-Very Large Crude Carrier VLF-Very Low Frequency VLLW-Very Low Level Radioactive Waste VO-Volatile Organics VOC-Volatile Organic Compounds (Contaminants)

(Chemicals) VOHAP-Volatile Organic Hazardous Air Pollutant VOST-Volatile Organic Sampling Train VPH-Volatile Petroleum Hydrocarbons VPP-Voluntary Protection Program VSS-Volatile Suspended Solids

VTE-Vertical Tube Evaporator VTOC-Volatile Toxic Organic Compound v/v-Volume/Volume VVC-Vacuum Vapor Compression

W-Watt WAC-Weak Acid Cation WAMAP-IAEA Waste Management Advisory Program WAS-Waste Activated Sludge WASP-Water Quality Analysis and Simulation Program WATRP-IAEA Waste Management Assessment and

Technical Review Program WBGU-German Advisory Council on Global Change WC-Water Closet WCED-World Commission on Environment and

Development WCRP-World Climate Research Program WCS-Wildlife Conservation Society WCS-World Conservation Strategy WDF-Waste Derived Fuel WEAO-Water Environment Association of Ontario WEC-Wave Energy Converter WEC-World Energy Conference WEC-World Energy Council WEDO-Women and Environment Development

Organization WEF-Water Environment Federation WEF-World Environment Federation WEPSD-World Engineering Partnership for Sustainable

Development WES-Women’s Engineering Society (UK) WESP-Wet Electrostatic Precipitator WFEO-World Federation of Engineering Organizations WFP-World Food Program WFS-World Food Survey WFTO-World Federation of Technology Organizations Wh-Watt Hour WHMIS-Waste Hazardous Materials Information System WHO-World Health Organization WHRC-Woods Hole Research Center WID-Waste Incineration Directive (EU) WIPP-Waste Isolation Pilot Plant WIRE-World Wide Information System for Renewable

Energy WISE-Women into Science and Engineering WITT-Women in Trade and Technology (Canada) WL-Working Level WLFO-Wet Limestone Forced Oxidation WLM-Working Level Month WMO-World Meteorological Organization WO-Water in Oil WPCF-Water Pollution Control Federation WPWP-Western Pacific Warm Pool WQCV-Water Quality Control Volume WQI-Water Quality Indices WQM-Water Quality Management WRA-Waste Regulation Authority (UK)

WRC-World Resources Council WRDA-Water Resources Development Act (U.S.) WRI-World Resources Institute WRPA-Water Resources Planning Act (U.S.) WRRA-Water Resources Research Act (U.S.) WSC-World Solar Commission WSI-Water-Steam Injection WSP-World Solar Programme WSR-World Standardized Rates WSRA-Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (U.S.) WSSP-World Solar Summit Process WTF-Water Treatment Facility WTO-World Trade Organization WWF-Wet Weather Flow

WWF-World Wildlife Fund WWI-World Watch Institute WWTP-Wastewater Treatment Plant

XLPE-Crosslinked Polyethylene XRD-X-Ray Diffraction XRF-X-Ray Fluorescence

Y-Growth Yield Coefficient

ZEV-Zero Emission Vehicle ZIP-Zero-Incident Performance ZLD-Zero Liquid Discharge ZPG-Zero Population Growth