ABSTRACT
Techniques applied for obtaining nanostructures are very distinct and can be classi£ed as gas phase, liquid phase, aerosol phase, and solid phase in terms of the phase of medium for preparation or physical, physicochemical, chemical, and biological in terms of the types of processes used (Tables 1.1 and 1.2). Currently, the most common are physical and physicochemical processes, where various equipment should be used (i.e., laser, sputtering, microwave, ultrasonic waves, etc.), as well as “wet-chemical” methods. Biological techniques are not so widespread, but they intensively develop. The major part of these procedures are discussed in all the chapters.* The selection or choice of a necessary experimental method depends on a series of factors, for instance, availability of equipment, type and shape of formed nanoparticles, possibility of synthesis of necessary products, and cost of production (e.g., carbon nanotubes are generally fabricated by CVD) among others.
