ABSTRACT
Difluoroborane (9 .4) 317 BF3 Boron trifluoride 15 .7 ± 0 .3 365 BH Boron monohydride (9 .77) 1385 BH3 Borane 12 .026 ± 0 .024 1261 BI3 Boron triiodide (9 .25 ± 0 .03) 964 BO2 Boron dioxide (13 .5 ± 0 .3) 1001 B2H6 Diborane 11 .38 ± 0 .05 1134 B2O3 Boron oxide 13 .5 ± 0 .15 460 B4H10 Tetraborane 10 .76 ± 0 .04 1105 B5H9 Pentaborane(9) 9 .90 ± 0 .04 1028 B6H10 Hexaborane (9 .0) 965 Ba Barium 5 .21170 683 BaO Barium oxide 6 .91 ± 0 .06 543 Be Beryllium 9 .32263 1224 BeO Beryllium oxide (10 .1 ± 0 .4) 1111 Bi Bismuth 7 .2855 908 BiCl3 Bismuth trichloride (10 .4) 736
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
Bk Berkelium 6 .23 911 Br Bromine (atomic) 11 .81381 1252 BrCl Bromine chloride 11 .01 1079 BrF Bromine fluoride 11 .86 1086 BrF5 Bromine pentafluoride 13 .172 ± 0 .002 840 BrH Hydrogen bromide 11 .66 ± 0 .03 1087 BrH3Si Bromosilane 10 .6 943 BrI Iodine bromide 9 .790 ± 0 .004 986 BrK Potassium bromide 7 .85 ± 0 .1 578 BrLi Lithium bromide (8 .7) 685 BrNO Nitrosyl bromide 10 .17 ± 0 .03 1065 BrNa Sodium bromide 8 .31 ± 0 .1 660 BrO Bromine monoxide 10 .46 ± 0 .02 1135 BrRb Rubidium bromide 7 .94 ± 0 .03 583 BrTl Thallium(I) bromide 9 .14 ± 0 .02 844 Br2 Bromine 10 .516 ± 0 .005 1046 Br2Hg Mercury(II) bromide 10 .560 ± 0 .003 935 Br2Sn Tin(II) bromide 9 .0 839 Br3Ga Gallium(III) bromide 10 .40 711 Br3P Phosphorus(III) bromide 9 .7 798 Br4Hf Hafnium(IV) bromide (10 .9) 366 Br4Sn Tin(IV) bromide 10 .6 709 Br4Ti Titanium(IV) bromide 10 .3 375 Br4Zr Zirconium(IV) bromide (10 .7) 388 Ca Calcium 6 .11316 768 CaCl Calcium monochloride 5 .86 ± 0 .07 462 CaO Calcium oxide 6 .66 ± 0 .18 668 Cd Cadmium 8 .99367 980 Ce Cerium 5 .5387 957 Cf Californium 6 .30 805 Cl Chlorine (atomic) 12 .96764 1373 ClCs Cesium chloride (7 .84 ± 0 .05) 510 ClF Chlorine fluoride 12 .66 ± 0 .01 1171 ClFO3 Perchloryl fluoride (12 .945 ± 0 .005) 1224 ClF2 Chlorine difluoride (12 .77 ± 0 .05) 1128 ClF3 Chlorine trifluoride (12 .65 ± 0 .05) 1057 ClF5S Sulfur chloride pentafluoride (12 .335 ± 0 .005) 144 ClH Hydrogen chloride 12 .749 ± 0 .009 1137 ClHO Hypochlorous acid (11 .12 ± 0 .01) 993 ClH3Si Chlorosilane 11 .4 899 ClI Iodine chloride 10 .088 ± 0 .01 991 ClIn Indium(I) chloride (9 .51) 842 ClK Potassium chloride (8 .0 ± 0 .4) 557 ClLi Lithium chloride 9 .57 727 ClNO Nitrosyl chloride 10 .87 ± 0 .01 1099 ClNO2 Nitryl chloride (11 .84) 1155 ClNa Sodium chloride 8 .92 ± 0 .06 681 ClO Chlorine monoxide 10 .95 1159 ClO2 Chlorine dioxide 10 .33 ± 0 .02 1093 ClRb Rubidium chloride (8 .50 ± 0 .03) 590 ClTl Thallium(I) chloride 9 .70 ± 0 .03 869 Cl2 Chlorine 11 .480 ± 0 .005 1108 Cl2CrO2 Chromyl chloride 11 .6 580 Cl2Ge Germanium(II) chloride (10 .20 ± 0 .05) 813 Cl2H2Si Dichlorosilane 11 .4 765 Cl2Hg Mercury(II) chloride 11 .380 ± 0 .003 952 Cl2O Chlorine oxide 10 .94 1135 Cl2OS Thionyl chloride 10 .96 844 Cl2O2S Sulfuryl chloride 12 .05 807 ClPb Lead(II) chloride (10 .2) 791
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
Cl2S Sulfur dichloride 9 .45 ± 0 .03 895 Cl2Si Dichlorosilylene (10 .93 ± 0 .10) 887 Cl2Sn Tin(II) chloride (10 .0) 760 Cl3Ga Gallium(III) chloride 11 .52 664 Cl3HSi Trichlorosilane (11 .7) 648 Cl3N Nitrogen trichloride (10 .12 ± 0 .1) 1244 Cl3OP Phosphorus(V) oxychloride 11 .36 ± 0 .02 540 Cl3OV Vanadyl trichloride (11 .6) 425 Cl3P Phosphorus(III) chloride 9 .91 668 Cl3PS Phosphorus(V) sulfide trichloride 9 .71 ± 0 .03 573 Cl3Sb Antimony(III) chloride (≤ 10 .7) s719 Cl4Ge Germanium(IV) chloride 11 .68 ± 0 .05 629 Cl4Hf Hafnium(IV) chloride (11 .7) 246 Cl4Si Tetrachlorosilane 11 .79 ± 0 .01 527 Cl4Sn Tin(IV) chloride 11 .7 ± 0 .2 656 Cl4Ti Titanium(IV) chloride (11 .5) 349 Cl4V Vanadium(IV) chloride (9 .2) 361 Cl4Zr Zirconium(IV) chloride (11 .2) 210 Cl5Mo Molybdenum(V) chloride (8 .7) 392 Cl5Nb Niobium(V) chloride (10 .97) 356 Cl5P Phosphorus(V) chloride (10 .2) 608 Cl5Ta Tantalum(V) chloride (11 .08) 303 Cl6W Tungsten(VI) chloride (9 .5) 348 Cm Curium 6 .02 966 Co Cobalt 7 .8810 1187 Cr Chromium 6 .76664 1050 Cs Cesium 3 .89390 452 CsF Cesium fluoride (8 .80 ± 0 .10) 489 CsNa Cesium sodium (4 .05 ± 0 .04) 535 Cu Copper 7 .72638 1084 CuF Copper(I) fluoride 10 .15 ± 0 .02 984 Dy Dysprosium 5 .9389 862 Er Erbium 6 .1078 907 Es Einsteinium 6 .42 753 Eu Europium 5 .6704 723 F Fluorine (atomic) 17 .42282 1761 FGa Gallium monofluoride (9 .6 ± 0 .5) 700 FH Hydrogen fluoride 16 .044 ± 0 .003 1276 FHO Hypofluorous acid 12 .71 ± 0 .01 1130 FH3Si Fluorosilane 11 .7 752 FI Iodine fluoride 10 .54 ± 0 .01 922 FIn Indium monofluoride (9 .6 ± 0 .5) 740 FNO Nitrosyl fluoride 12 .63 ± 0 .03 1152 FNO2 Nitryl fluoride (13 .09) 1154 FNS Thionitrosyl fluoride (NSF) 11 .51 ± 0 .04 1090 FO Fluorine monoxide 12 .78 ± 0 .03 1342 FO2 Fluorine superoxide (FOO) (12 .6 ± 0 .2) 1228 FS Sulfur fluoride 10 .09 986 FTl Thallium(I) fluoride 10 .52 835 F2 Fluorine 15 .697 ± 0 .003 1515 F2Ge Germanium(II) fluoride (≤ 11 .65) 551 F2HN Difluoramine (11 .53 ± 0 .08) 1046 F2H2Si Difluorosilane (12 .2) 386 F2Mg Magnesium fluoride (13 .6 ± 0 .3) 588 F2N Difluoroamidogen 11 .628 ± 0 .01 1155 F2N2 trans-Difluorodiazine (12 .8) 1315 F2O Fluorine monoxide 13 .11 ± 0 .01 1290 F2OS Thionyl fluoride 12 .25 688 F2O2S Sulfuryl fluoride 13 .04 ± 0 .01 501 FPb Lead(II) fluoride (11 .5) 679
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
F2S Sulfur difluoride (10 .08) 676 F2Si Difluorosilylene 10 .78 ± 0 .05 450 F2Sn Tin(II) fluoride (11 .1) 586 F2Xe Xenon difluoride 12 .35 ± 0 .01 1083 F3HSi Trifluorosilane (14 .0) 150 F3N Nitrogen trifluoride 13 .00 ± 0 .02 1125 F3NO Trifluoramine oxide 13 .31 ± 0 .06 1121 F3OP Phosphorus(V) oxyfluoride 12 .76 ± 0 .01 –24 F3P Phosphorus(III) fluoride 11 .60 ± 0 .05 161 F3PS Phosphorus(V) sulfide trifluoride ≤ 11 .05 ± 0 .035 ≤ 58 F3Si Trifluorosilyl (9 .99) – 32 F4Ge Germanium(IV) fluoride (15 .5) 307 F4N2 Tetrafluorohydrazine 11 .94 ± 0 .03 1119 F4S Sulfur tetrafluoride 12 .0 ± 0 .3 399 F4Si Tetrafluorosilane 15 .24 ± 0 .14 –144 F4Xe Xenon tetrafluoride 12 .65 ± 0 .1 1016 F5I Iodine pentafluoride 12 .943 ± 0 .005 408 F5P Phosphorus(V) fluoride (15 .1) –137 F5S Sulfur pentafluoride 9 .60 ± 0 .05 10 F6Mo Molybdenum(VI) fluoride (14 .5 ± 0 .1) –159 F6S Sulfur hexafluoride 15 .32 ± 0 .02 258 F6U Uranium(VI) fluoride 14 .00 ± 0 .10 –796 Fe Iron 7 .9024 1177 Fm Fermium 6 .50 627 Ga Gallium 5 .99930 851 GaI3 Gallium(III) iodide 9 .40 765 Gd Gadolinium 6 .1500 991 Ge Germanium 7 .900 1139 GeH4 Germane ≤ 10 .53 ≤ 1108 GeI4 Germanium(IV) iodide (9 .42) 850 GeO Germanium(II) oxide 11 .25 ± 0 .01 1044 GeS Germanium(II) sulfide (9 .98) 1055 H Hydrogen (atomic) 13 .59844 1530 HI Hydrogen iodide 10 .386 ± 0 .001 1028 HLi Lithium hydride 7 .7 882 HN Imidogen ≤ 13 .49 ± 0 .01 1678 HNO Nitrosyl hydride (10 .1) 1075 HNO2 Nitrous acid ≤ 11 .3 ≤ 1011 HNO3 Nitric acid 11 .95 ± 0 .01 1019 HN3 Hydrazoic acid 10 .72 ± 0 .025 1328 HO Hydroxyl 13 .0170 ± 0 .0002 1294 HO2 Hydroperoxy 11 .35 ± 0 .01 1106 HS Mercapto 10 .4219 ± 0 .0004 1145 H2 Hydrogen 15 .42593 ± 0 .00005 1488 H2N Amidogen 11 .14 ± 0 .01 1264 H2O Water 12 .6206 ± 0 .0020 976 H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide 10 .58 ± 0 .04 885 H2S Hydrogen sulfide 10 .457 ± 0 .012 989 H2Se Hydrogen selenide 9 .892 ± 0 .005 984 H2Si Silylene 8 .244 ± 0 .025 1084 H3N Ammonia 10 .070 ± 0 .020 925 H3NO Hydroxylamine (10 .00) 923 H3P Phosphine 9 .869 ± 0 .002 958 H3Sb Stibine 9 .54 ± 0 .03 1067 H4N2 Hydrazine 8 .1 ± 0 .15 877 H4Si Silane 11 .00 ± 0 .02 1095 H4Sn Stannane (10 .75) 1200 H6Si2 Disilane 9 .74 ± 0 .02 1019 H8Si3 Trisilane (9 .2) 1009 He Helium 24 .58741 2372
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
Hf Hafnium 6 .82507 ± 0 .00004 1278 Hg Mercury 10 .43750 1069 HgI2 Mercury(II) iodide 9 .5088 ± 0 .0022 900 Ho Holmium 6 .0216 882 I Iodine (atomic) 10 .45126 1115 IK Potassium iodide (7 .21 ± 0 .3) 570 ILi Lithium iodide (7 .5) 633 INa Sodium iodide 7 .64 ± 0 .02 659 ITl Thallium(I) iodide 8 .47 ± 0 .02 826 I2 Iodine 9 .3074 ± 0 .0002 960 I4Ti Titanium(IV) iodide (9 .1) 602 I4Zr Zirconium(IV) iodide (9 .3) 500 In Indium 5 .78636 802 Ir Iridium 9 .1 1543 K Potassium 4 .34066 508 KLi Lithium potassium 4 .57 ± 0 .04 512 KNa Potassium sodium 4 .41636 ± 0 .00017 561 K2 Dipotassium 4 .0637 ± 0 .0002 519 Kr Krypton 13 .99961 1351 La Lanthanum 5 .5770 969 Li Lithium 5 .39172 680 LiNa Lithium sodium 5 .05 ± 0 .04 571 LiO Lithium monoxide (8 .44) 894 LiRb Lithium rubidium 4 .3 ± 0 .1 486 Li2 Dilithium 5 .1127 ± 0 .0003 709 Lu Lutetium 5 .42585 950 Md Mendelevium 6 .58 635 Mg Magnesium 7 .64624 885 MgO Magnesium oxide (8 .76 ± 0 .22) 901 Mn Manganese 7 .43402 998 Mo Molybdenum 7 .09243 1343 N Nitrogen (atomic) 14 .53414 1875 NO Nitric oxide 9 .26438 ± 0 .00005 985 NO2 Nitrogen dioxide 9 .586 ± 0 .002 958 NP Phosphorus nitride 11 .84 ± 0 .04 1247 NS Nitrogen sulfide 8 .87 ± 0 .01 1119 N2 Nitrogen 15 .5808 1503 N2O Nitrous oxide 12 .886 1325 N2O4 Nitrogen tetroxide (10 .8) 1050 N2O5 Nitrogen pentoxide (11 .9) 1161 Na Sodium 5 .13908 603 NaRb Rubidium sodium 4 .32 ± 0 .04 480 Na2 Disodium 4 .894 ± 0 .003 614 Nb Niobium 6 .75885 1384 Nd Neodymium 5 .5250 859 Ne Neon 21 .56454 2081 Ni Nickel 7 .6398 1167 No Nobelium 6 .65 642 Np Neptunium 6 .2657 ± 0 .0003 1069 O Oxygen (atomic) 13 .61806 1563 OPb Lead(II) oxide 9 .08 ± 0 .10 939 OS Sulfur monoxide 10 .294 ± 0 .004 998 OS2 Sulfur oxide (SSO) 10 .584 ± 0 .005 971 OSi Silicon monoxide 11 .49 ± 0 .20 1008 OSn Tin(II) oxide 9 .60 ± 0 .02 944 OSr Strontium oxide 6 .6 ± 0 .2 623 O2 Oxygen 12 .0697 ± 0 .0002 1165 O2S Sulfur dioxide 12 .349 ± 0 .001 894 O2Th Thorium(IV) oxide (8 .7 ± 0 .15) 342 OTi Titanium(IV) oxide (9 .54 ± 0 .1) 623
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
O2U Uranium(IV) oxide (5 .4 ± 0 .1) 57 O3 Ozone 12 .43 1342 O3S Sulfur trioxide 12 .82 ± 0 .03 841 O3U Uranium(VI) oxide (10 .5 ± 0 .5) 214 O4Os Osmium(VIII) oxide (12 .32) 850 O4Ru Ruthenium(VIII) oxide 12 .15 ± 0 .03 988 O7Re2 Rhenium(VII) oxide (12 .7 ± 0 .2) 125 Os Osmium 8 .7 1630 P Phosphorus 10 .48669 1328 P2 Diphosphorus 10 .53 1160 Pa Protactinium 5 .89 1133 Pb Lead 7 .41666 911 PbS Lead(II) sulfide (8 .5 ± 0 .5) 954 Pd Palladium 8 .3367 1181 Pm Promethium 5 .55 536 Pr Praseodymium 5 .464 883 Pt Platinum 9 .0 1433 Pu Plutonium 6 .025 926 Ra Radium 5 .27892 668 Rb Rubidium 4 .17713 484 Re Rhenium 7 .88 1530 Rh Rhodium 7 .45890 1276 Rn Radon 10 .74850 1037 Ru Ruthenium 7 .36050 1355 S Sulfur 10 .36001 1277 SSn Tin(II) sulfide (8 .8) 966 S2 Disulfur 9 .356 ± 0 .002 1031 Sb Antimony 8 .64 1096 Sc Scandium 6 .56144 1010 Se Selenium 9 .75238 1168 Si Silicon 8 .15169 1238 Sm Samarium 5 .6437 751 Sn Tin 7 .34381 1011 Sr Strontium 5 .69484 713 Ta Tantalum 7 .89 1544 Tb Terbium 5 .8639 955 Tc Technetium 7 .28 1380 Te Tellurium 9 .0096 1066 Th Thorium 6 .308 ± 0 .003 1207 Ti Titanium 6 .8282 1127 Tl Thallium 6 .10829 771 Tm Thulium 6 .18431 827 U Uranium 6 .19405 1129 V Vanadium 6 .746 ± 0 .002 1166 W Tungsten 7 .98 1621 Xe Xenon 12 .12987 1170 Y Yttrium 6 .217 1022 Yb Ytterbium 6 .25416 754 Zn Zinc 9 .39405 1037 Zr Zirconium 6 .63390 1251
Substances containing carbon C Carbon 11 .26030 1803 CBrClF2 Bromochlorodifluoromethane (11 .21) 642 CBrCl3 Bromotrichloromethane (10 .6) 980 CBrF3 Bromotrifluoromethane (11 .40) 451 CBr2F2 Dibromodifluoromethane 11 .03 ± 0 .04 683 CBr4 Tetrabromomethane (10 .31 ± 0 .02) 1079 CCl Chloromethylidyne (8 .9 ± 0 .2) 1244 CClF3 Chlorotrifluoromethane 12 .6 ± 0 .2 505
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
CClN Cyanogen chloride 12 .34 ± 0 .01 1329 CCl2 Dichloromethylene (9 .27) 1058 CCl2F2 Dichlorodifluoromethane 12 .05 ± 0 .24 685 CCl2O Carbonyl chloride (11 .5) 888 CCl3F Trichlorofluoromethane 11 .77 ± 0 .02 868 CCl4 Tetrachloromethane 11 .47 ± 0 .01 1010 CF Fluoromethylidyne 9 .11 ± 0 .01 1134 CFN Cyanogen fluoride 13 .34 ± 0 .02 1325 CF2 Difluoromethylene 11 .44 ± 0 .03 899 CF2O Carbonyl fluoride 13 .035 ± 0 .030 617 CF3 Trifluoromethyl 8 .7 ± 0 .2 379 CF3I Trifluoroiodomethane 10 .23 397 CH Methylidyne 10 .64 ± 0 .01 1622 CHBrCl2 Bromodichloromethane 10 .6 973 CHBr2Cl Chlorodibromomethane 10 .59 ± 0 .01 1030 CHBr3 Tribromomethane 10 .48 ± 0 .02 1035 CHCl Chloromethylene 9 .84 1247 CHClF2 Chlorodifluoromethane (12 .2) 693 CHCl2F Dichlorofluoromethane (11 .5) 829 CHCl3 Trichloromethane 11 .37 ± 0 .02 992 CHF Fluoromethylene 10 .06 ± 0 .05 1121 CHF3 Trifluoromethane (13 .86) 643 CHI3 Triiodomethane 9 .25 ± 0 .02 1010 CHN Hydrogen cyanide 13 .60 ± 0 .01 1447 CHN Hydrogen isocyanide (12 .5 ± 0 .1) 1407 CHNO Isocyanic acid 11 .595 ± 0 .005 1016 CHNO Fulminic acid (10 .83) 1263 CHO Oxomethyl (HCO) (8 .55) 826 CH2 Methylene 10 .396 ± 0 .003 1392 CH2BrCl Bromochloromethane 10 .77 ± 0 .01 1085 CH2Br2 Dibromomethane (10 .50 ± 0 .02) 1013 CH2ClF Chlorofluoromethane 11 .71 ± 0 .01 870 CH2Cl2 Dichloromethane 11 .32 ± .01 996 CH2F2 Difluoromethane 12 .71 774 CH2I2 Diiodomethane 9 .46 ± 0 .02 1030 CH2N2 Diazomethane 8 .999 ± 0 .001 1098 CH2N2 Cyanamide (10 .4) 1137 CH2O Formaldehyde 10 .88 ± 0 .01 941 CH2O2 Formic acid 11 .33 ± 0 .01 715 CH3 Methyl 9 .843 ± 0 .002 1095 CH3BO Borane carbonyl 11 .14 ± 0 .02 962 CH3Br Bromomethane 10 .541 ± 0 .003 979 CH3Cl Chloromethane 11 .22 ± 0 .01 1001 CH3Cl3Si Methyltrichlorosilane (11 .36 ± 0 .03) 548 CH3F Fluoromethane 12 .47 ± 0 .02 956 CH3I Iodomethane 9 .538 936 CH3NO Formamide 10 .16 ± 0 .06 796 CH3NO2 Nitromethane 11 .08 ± 0 .07 994 CH3N3 Methyl azide 9 .81 ± 0 .02 1227 CH3O Methoxy (10 .72) 1050 CH4 Methane 12 .61 ± 0 .01 1143 CH4N2O Urea 9 .7 690 CH4O Methanol 10 .85 ± 0 .01 845 CH4S Methanethiol 9 .44 ± 0 .005 888 CH5N Methylamine (8 .80) 826 CH6N2 Methylhydrazine 7 .7 ± 0 .15 835 CH6Si Methylsilane (10 .7) 1003 CN Cyanide 13 .5984 1748 CNO Cyanate 11 .76 ± 0 .01 1290 CO Carbon monoxide 14 .014 ± 0 .0003 1242
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
COS Carbon oxysulfide 11 .18 ± 0 .01 936 COSe Carbon oxyselenide 10 .36 ± 0 .01 929 CO2 Carbon dioxide 13 .773 ± 0 .002 935 CS Carbon sulfide 11 .33 ± 0 .01 1361 CS2 Carbon disulfide 10 .0685 ± 0 .0020 1089 C2 Dicarbon (11 .4 ± 0 .3) 2000 C2Br2F4 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane (11 .1) 280 C2ClF3 Chlorotrifluoroethylene 9 .81 ± 0 .03 373 C2ClF5 Chloropentafluoroethane (12 .6) 99 C2Cl2 Dichloroacetylene 9 .9 1165 C2Cl2F4 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane 12 .2 252 C2Cl3F3 1,1,1-Trichlorotrifluoroethane 11 .5 386 C2Cl3F3 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane 11 .99 ± 0 .02 429 C2Cl4 Tetrachloroethylene 9 .326 ± 0 .001 887 C2Cl4F2 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane (11 .3) 563 C2Cl4O Trichloroacetyl chloride (11 .0) 827 C2Cl6 Hexachloroethane (11 .1) 920 C2F3N Trifluoroacetonitrile 13 .93 ± 0 .07 845 C2F4 Tetrafluoroethylene 10 .12 ± 0 .02 315 C2F6 Hexafluoroethane (13 .6) -30 C2H Ethynyl (11 .61 ± 0 .07) 1685 C2HBr Bromoacetylene 10 .31 ± 0 .02 1242 C2HBrClF3 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (11 .0) 363 C2HCl Chloroacetylene 10 .58 ± 0 .02 1276 C2HClF2 1-Chloro-2,2-difluoroethylene 9 .80 ± 0 .04 628 C2HCl3 Trichloroethylene 9 .46 ± 0 .02 894 C2HCl3O Dichloroacetyl chloride (10 .9) 809 C2HCl5 Pentachloroethane (11 .0) 919 C2HF Fluoroacetylene 11 .26 1195 C2HF3 Trifluoroethylene 10 .14 489 C2HF3O2 Trifluoroacetic acid 11 .46 75 C2H2 Acetylene 11 .400 ± 0 .002 1328 C2H2Cl2 1,1-Dichloroethylene 9 .81 ± 0 .04 949 C2H2Cl2 cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 9 .66 ± 0 .01 936 C2H2Cl2 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 9 .64 ± 0 .02 934 C2H2Cl2O Chloroacetyl chloride (≤ 10 .3) 815 C2H2Cl4 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane (11 .1) 920 C2H2Cl4 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (≤ 11 .62) ≤ 971 C2H2F2 1,1-Difluoroethylene 10 .29 ± 0 .01 650 C2H2F2 cis-1,2-Difluoroethylene 10 .23 ± 0 .02 690 C2H2O Ketene 9 .617 ± 0 .003 880 C2H2O2 Glyoxal 10 .2 773 C2H2S2 Thiirene 8 .61 892 C2H3Br Bromoethylene 9 .83 ± 0 .02 1028 C2H3Cl Chloroethylene 9 .99 ± 0 .02 985 C2H3ClF2 1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (11 .98) 626 C2H3ClO Acetyl chloride 10 .82 ± 0 .04 801 C2H3ClO Chloroacetaldehyde (10 .48) 815 C2H3ClO2 Chloroacetic acid (10 .7) 597 C2H3Cl3 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (11 .0) 917 C2H3Cl3 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (11 .0) 911 C2H3F Fluoroethylene 10 .36 ± 0 .01 861 C2H3FO Acetyl fluoride (11 .5) 667 C2H3F3 1,1,1-Trifluoroethane 13 .3 ± 0 .5 536 C2H3N Acetonitrile 12 .20 ± 0 .01 1253 C2H3NO Methylisocyanate (10 .67) 900 C2H4 Ethylene 10 .5138 ± 0 .0006 1067 C2H4Br2 1,2-Dibromoethane 10 .35 ± 0 .04 961 C2H4Cl2 1,1-Dichloroethane 11 .04 ± 0 .02 935 CHCl 1,2-Dichloroethane 11 .04 ± 0 .02 931
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
C2H4F2 1,1-Difluoroethane (11 .87) 643 C2H4O Acetaldehyde 10 .229 ± 0 .0007 821 C2H4O Ethylene oxide 10 .56 ± 0 .01 966 C2H4O2 Acetic acid 10 .65 ± 0 .02 595 C2H4O2 Methyl formate 10 .835 ± 0 .005 690 C2H5Br Bromoethane 10 .29 ± 0 .01 931 C2H5Cl Chloroethane 10 .98 ± 0 .02 947 C2H5ClO 2-Chloroethanol (10 .5) 756 C2H5F Fluoroethane (11 .78) 873 C2H5I Iodoethane 9 .3492 ± 0 .0006 893 C2H5N Ethyleneimine (9 .5 ± 0 .3) 1044 C2H5NO Acetamide 9 .65 ± 0 .03 693 C2H5NO N-Methylformamide 9 .83 ± 0 .04 760 C2H5NO2 Nitroethane 10 .88 ± 0 .05 948 C2H6 Ethane 11 .56 ± 0 .02 1031 C2H6Cl2Si Dichlorodimethylsilane (10 .7) 576 C2H6O Ethanol 10 .43 ± 0 .05 772 C2H6O Dimethyl ether 10 .025 ± 0 .025 783 C2H6OS Dimethyl sulfoxide 9 .10 ± 0 .03 727 C2H6O2 Ethylene glycol 10 .16 593 C2H6S Ethanethiol 9 .31 ± 0 .03 851 C2H6S Dimethyl sulfide 8 .69 ± 0 .02 801 C2H6S2 Dimethyl disulfide (7 .4 ± 0 .3) 690 C2H7N Ethylamine 8 .86 ± 0 .02 808 C2H7N Dimethylamine 8 .24 ± 0 .08 777 C2H7NO Ethanolamine 8 .96 664 C2H8N2 1,2-Ethanediamine (8 .6) 812 C2H8N2 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine 7 .29 ± 0 .05 787 C2N2 Cyanogen 13 .37 ± 0 .01 1597 C3F6 Perfluoropropene 10 .60 ± 0 .03 –103 C3F6O Perfluoroacetone (11 .57 ± 0 .13) –282 C3F8 Perfluoropropane (13 .38) –491 C3HN Cyanoacetylene 11 .64 ± 0 .01 1475 C3H2O 2-Propynal (10 .7 ± 0 .1) 1145 C3H3F3 3,3,3-Trifluoropropene (10 .9) 437 C3H3N 2-Propenenitrile 10 .91 ± 0 .01 1237 C3H3NO Oxazole (9 .9) 940 C3H3NO Isoxazole (9 .93) 1038 C3H4 Allene 9 .692 ± 0 .004 1126 C3H4 Propyne 10 .37 ± 0 .01 1187 C3H4 Cyclopropene 9 .67 ± 0 .01 1209 C3H4N2 Imidazole (8 .81) 997 C3H4O Propargyl alcohol 10 .49 ± 0 .02 1060 C3H4O Acrolein 10 .103 ± 0 .006 900 C3H4O Cyclopropanone (9 .1 ± 0 .1) 895 C3H4O2 Propenoic acid 10 .60 701 C3H4O2 2-Oxetanone (9 .70 ± 0 .01) 653 C3H5Br 3-Bromopropene (9 .96) 1008 C3H5Cl 3-Chloropropene 10 .04 ± 0 .01 965 C3H5ClO Epichlorohydrin (10 .64) 919 C3H5ClO2 Methyl chloroacetate (10 .3) 575 C3H5F 3-Fluoropropene (10 .11) 821 C3H5N Propanenitrile 11 .84 ± 0 .02 1194 C3H5NO Acrylamide (9 .5) 720 C3H6 Propene 9 .73 ± 0 .02 959 C3H6 Cyclopropane 9 .86 1005 C3H6Br2 1,2-Dibromopropane (10 .1) 903 C3H6Br2 1,3-Dibromopropane (≤ 10 .2) ≤ 919 C3H6Cl2 1,2-Dichloropropane 10 .8 ± 0 .1 886 CHCl 1,3-Dichloropropane 10 .89 ± 0 .04 892
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
C3H6O Allyl alcohol 9 .67 ± 0 .05 808 C3H6O Methyl vinyl ether 8 .95 ± 0 .01 763 C3H6O Propanal 9 .96 ± 0 .01 772 C3H6O Acetone 9 .703 ± 0 .006 719 C3H6O Methyloxirane (10 .22) 892 C3H6O Oxetane 9 .65 ± 0 .01 851 C3H6O2 Propanoic acid 10 .525 ± 0 .003 568 C3H6O2 Ethyl formate 10 .61 ± 0 .01 639 C3H6O2 Methyl acetate 10 .25 ± 0 .02 579 C3H6O2 1,3-Dioxolane (9 .9) 658 C3H6O3 1,3,5-Trioxane (10 .3) 528 C3H7Br 1-Bromopropane 10 .18 ± 0 .01 898 C3H7Br 2-Bromopropane 10 .10 ± 0 .03 877 C3H7Cl 1-Chloropropane 10 .81 ± 0 .01 911 C3H7Cl 2-Chloropropane 10 .79 ± 0 .02 896 C3H7F 1-Fluoropropane (11 .3) 806 C3H7F 2-Fluoropropane (11 .08) 776 C3H7I 1-Iodopropane 9 .25 ± 0 .01 860 C3H7I 2-Iodopropane 9 .19 ± 0 .02 845 C3H7N Allylamine (8 .76) 891 C3H7N Cyclopropylamine (8 .8) 926 C3H7N Propyleneimine (9 .0) 960 C3H7NO N,N-Dimethylformamide (9 .12) 688 C3H7NO2 1-Nitropropane (10 .81) 919 C3H7NO2 2-Nitropropane (10 .71) 894 C3H8 Propane 10 .95 ± 0 .05 952 C3H8O 1-Propanol 10 .18 ± 0 .06 727 C3H8O 2-Propanol 10 .17 ± 0 .02 709 C3H8O Ethyl methyl ether 9 .72 ± 0 .07 722 C3H8O2 Dimethoxymethane 9 .7 588 C3H8S 1-Propanethiol 9 .20 ± 0 .01 819 C3H8S 2-Propanethiol 9 .145 ± 0 .005 806 C3H8S Ethyl methyl sulfide (8 .55) 765 C3H9BO3 Trimethyl borate (10 .0) 65 C3H9ClSi Trimethylchlorosilane (10 .15) 624 C3H9N Propylamine (8 .78) 777 C3H9N Isopropylamine (8 .72) 758 C3H9N Trimethylamine 7 .82 ± 0 .06 731 C3H9NO 3-Amino-1-propanol (9 .0) 651 C4H2O3 Maleic anhydride (10 .8) 645 C4H4 1-Buten-3-yne 9 .58 ± 0 .02 1230 C4H4N2 Succinonitrile (12 .1 ± 0 .25) 1377 C4H4N2 Pyrimidine 9 .23 1087 C4H4N2 Pyridazine 8 .67 ± 0 .03 1112 C4H4O Furan 8 .883 ± 0 .003 822 C4H4O2 Diketene (9 .6 ± 0 .02) 736 C4H4O3 Succinic anhydride (10 .6) 500 C4H4O4 Fumaric acid (10 .7) 355 C4H4S Thiophene 8 .86 ± 0 .02 970 C4H5N Methylacrylonitrile 10 .34 1127 C4H5N Pyrrole 8 .207 ± 0 .005 900 C4H5N Cyclopropanecarbonitrile (10 .25) 1173 C4H6 1,2-Butadiene (9 .03) 1034 C4H6 1,3-Butadiene 9 .082 ± 0 .004 986 C4H6 1-Butyne 10 .19 ± 0 .02 1148 C4H6 2-Butyne 9 .59 ± 0 .03 1071 C4H6 Cyclobutene 9 .43 ± 0 .02 1067 C4H6O Divinyl ether (8 .7) 827 C4H6O trans-2-Butenal 9 .73 ± 0 .01 835 CHO 2-Methylpropenal (9 .92) 834
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
C4H6O Cyclobutanone (9 .35) 815 C4H6O2 cis-Crotonic acid (10 .08) 625 C4H6O2 trans-Crotonic acid (9 .9) 604 C4H6O2 Methacrylic acid (10 .15) 611 C4H6O2 Vinyl acetate 9 .19 ± 0 .05 572 C4H6O2 Methyl acrylate (9 .9) 641 C4H6O3 Acetic anhydride (10 .0) 398 C4H6O4 Dimethyl oxalate (10 .0) 287 C4H6S 2,5-Dihydrothiophene (8 .4) 898 C4H7N Butanenitrile (11 .2) 1110 C4H7N 2-Methylpropanenitrile (11 .3) 1115 C4H7NO 2-Pyrrolidone (9 .2) 674 C4H8 1-Butene 9 .55 ± 0 .06 921 C4H8 cis-2-Butene 9 .11 ± 0 .01 871 C4H8 trans-2-Butene 9 .10 ± 0 .01 866 C4H8 Isobutene 9 .239 ± 0 .003 875 C4H8 Cyclobutane (9 .82 ± 0 .05) 976 C4H8 Methylcyclopropane (9 .46) 936 C4H8Br2 1,4-Dibromobutane (10 .15) 879 C4H8O Ethyl vinyl ether (8 .98) 709 C4H8O 1,2-Epoxybutane (≤ 10 .15) 862 C4H8O Butanal 9 .84 ± 0 .02 742 C4H8O Isobutanal 9 .71 ± 0 .01 721 C4H8O 2-Butanone 9 .52 ± 0 .04 678 C4H8O Tetrahydrofuran 9 .38 ± 0 .05 721 C4H8O2 Butanoic acid 10 .17 ± 0 .05 509 C4H8O2 2-Methylpropanoic acid 10 .33 ± 0 .03 516 C4H8O2 Propyl formate 10 .52 ± 0 .02 555 C4H8O2 Ethyl acetate 10 .01 ± 0 .05 522 C4H8O2 Methyl propanoate 10 .15 ± 0 .03 548 C4H8O2 1,3-Dioxane 9 .8 607 C4H8O2 1,4-Dioxane 9 .19 ± 0 .01 571 C4H8O2S Sulfolane (9 .8) 577 C4H8S Tetrahydrothiophene 8 .38 774 C4H9Br 1-Bromobutane (10 .12) 869 C4H9Br 2-Bromobutane 10 .01 ± 0 .02 845 C4H9Br 1-Bromo-2-methylpropane 10 .09 ± 0 .02 861 C4H9Br 2-Bromo-2-methylpropane 9 .92 ± 0 .03 823 C4H9Cl 1-Chlorobutane 10 .67 ± 0 .03 875 C4H9Cl 2-Chlorobutane 10 .53 857 C4H9Cl 1-Chloro-2-methylpropane 10 .73 ± 0 .07 877 C4H9Cl 2-Chloro-2-methylpropane (10 .61) 842 C4H9I 1-Iodobutane 9 .23 ± 0 .01 840 C4H9I 2-Iodobutane 9 .10 ± 0 .02 815 C4H9I 1-Iodo-2-methylpropane 9 .19 ± 0 .01 824 C4H9I 2-Iodo-2-methylpropane (9 .02) 798 C4H9N Pyrrolidine (8 .0) 769 C4H9NO N,N-Dimethylacetamide 8 .81 ± 0 .03 616 C4H9NO Morpholine (8 .2) 841 C4H10 Butane 10 .53 ± 0 .10 890 C4H10 Isobutane (10 .57) 886 C4H10O 1-Butanol 9 .99 ± 0 .05 689 C4H10O 2-Butanol 9 .88 ± 0 .03 658 C4H10O 2-Methyl-1-propanol 10 .02 ± 0 .04 683 C4H10O 2-Methyl-2-propanol 9 .90 ± 0 .02 642 C4H10O Diethyl ether 9 .51 ± 0 .03 666 C4H10O Methyl propyl ether 9 .41 ± 0 .07 670 C4H10O Isopropyl methyl ether 9 .45 ± 0 .04 661 C4H10O2 Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (9 .6) 529 CHO Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (9 .3) 558
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
C4H10S 1-Butanethiol 9 .14 ± 0 .01 794 C4H10S 2-Butanethiol (9 .10) 781 C4H10S 2-Methyl-1-propanethiol (9 .12) 783 C4H10S 2-Methyl-2-propanethiol (9 .03) 762 C4H10S Diethyl sulfide (8 .43) 730 C4H10S Methyl propyl sulfide (8 .8) 767 C4H10S Isopropyl methyl sulfide (8 .7) 749 C4H10S2 Diethyl disulfide (8 .27) 724 C4H11N Butylamine 8 .7 ± 0 .1 748 C4H11N sec-Butylamine 8 .46 ± 0 .1 711 C4H11N tert-Butylamine 8 .46 ± 0 .1 695 C4H11N Isobutylamine 8 .50 ± 0 .1 721 C4H11N Diethylamine 7 .85 ± 0 .1 684 C4H12Si Tetramethylsilane 9 .80 ± 0 .04 713 C4H12Sn Tetramethylstannane 8 .89 ± 0 .05 837 C4NiO4 Nickel carbonyl 8 .27 ± 0 .04 200 C5H4O2 Furfural 9 .22 ± 0 .01 739 C5H5N Pyridine 9 .25 1031 C5H6 1-Penten-3-yne 9 .00 ± 0 .01 1119 C5H6 cis-3-Penten-1-yne 9 .14 ± 0 .04 1137 C5H6 trans-3-Penten-1-yne 9 .05 ± 0 .01 1128 C5H6 2-Methyl-1-buten-3-yne 9 .25 ± 0 .02 1152 C5H6 1,3-Cyclopentadiene 8 .55 ± 0 .02 955 C5H6O 2-Methylfuran 8 .38 ± 0 .02 729 C5H6O 3-Methylfuran (8 .64) 763 C5H6S 2-Methylthiophene (8 .14) 867 C5H6S 3-Methylthiophene (8 .40) 893 C5H8 cis-1,3-Pentadiene 8 .63 ± 0 .03 914 C5H8 trans-1,3-Pentadiene 8 .59 ± 0 .02 905 C5H8 1,4-Pentadiene 9 .60 ± 0 .02 1032 C5H8 2-Methyl-1,3-butadiene 8 .84 ± 0 .01 928 C5H8 1-Pentyne 10 .10 ± 0 .01 1119 C5H8 Cyclopentene 9 .01 ± 0 .01 905 C5H8 Spiropentane (9 .26) 1078 C5H8O Cyclopropyl methyl ketone (≤ 9 .46) 796 C5H8O Cyclopentanone 9 .26 ± 0 .01 701 C5H8O 3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran 8 .35 ± 0 .01 681 C5H8O2 Ethyl acrylate (≤ 10 .3) 617 C5H8O2 Methyl methacrylate (9 .7) 589 C5H8O2 2,4-Pentanedione 8 .85 ± 0 .01 469 C5H9NO N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (≤ 9 .17) ≤ 676 C5H10 1-Pentene 9 .51 ± 0 .01 896 C5H10 cis-2-Pentene 9 .01 ± 0 .03 843 C5H10 trans-2-Pentene 9 .04 ± 0 .01 841 C5H10 2-Methyl-1-butene 9 .12 ± 0 .01 844 C5H10 3-Methyl-1-butene 9 .52 ± 0 .01 891 C5H10 2-Methyl-2-butene 8 .69 ± 0 .01 796 C5H10 Cyclopentane (10 .33 ± 0 .15) 918 C5H10O 2,2-Dimethylpropanal 9 .51 ± 0 .01 675 C5H10O Cyclopentanol (9 .72) 695 C5H10O Pentanal 9 .74 ± 0 .04 709 C5H10O 2-Pentanone 9 .38 ± 0 .01 646 C5H10O 3-Pentanone 9 .31 ± 0 .01 640 C5H10O 3-Methyl-2-butanone 9 .30 ± 0 .01 635 C5H10O Tetrahydropyran 9 .25 ± 0 .01 670 C5H10O2 Pentanoic acid (≤ 10 .53) ≤ 527 C5H10O2 3-Methylbutanoic acid (≤ 10 .51) ≤ 499 C5H10O2 Butyl formate 10 .52 ± 0 .02 584 C5H10O2 Propyl acetate (≤ 9 .92) 501 CHO Isopropyl acetate 9 .99 ± 0 .03 482
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
C5H10O2 Ethyl propanoate (10 .00) 500 C5H10O2 Methyl butanoate (10 .07) 520 C5H10S Thiacyclohexane (8 .2) 728 C5H11Br 1-Bromopentane 10 .10 ± 0 .01 846 C5H11I 1-Iodopentane 9 .20 ± 0 .01 817 C5H11N Piperidine 8 .03 ± 0 .11 726 C5H11N N-Methylpyrrolidine ≤ 8 .41 ± 0 .02 ≤ 809 C5H12 Pentane 10 .28 ± 0 .10 845 C5H12 Isopentane 10 .32 ± 0 .05 843 C5H12 Neopentane (≤ 10 .2) ≤ 818 C5H12O 1-Pentanol (10 .00) 668 C5H12O 2-Pentanol (9 .78) 630 C5H12O 3-Pentanol 9 .78 628 C5H12O 2-Methyl-1-butanol (9 .86) 649 C5H12O 2-Methyl-2-butanol (9 .8) 615 C5H12O 3-Methyl-2-butanol (9 .88 ± 0 .13) 637 C5H12O Butyl methyl ether (9 .4 ± 0 .1) 648 C5H12O Methyl tert-butyl ether (9 .24) 608 C5H12O Ethyl propyl ether (9 .45) 640 C5H12S tert-Butyl methyl sulfide (8 .38) 687 C5H12S Ethyl propyl sulfide (8 .50) 716 C5H12S Ethyl isopropyl sulfide (8 .35) 689 C6BrF5 Bromopentafluorobenzene (9 .67) 222 C6ClF5 Chloropentafluorobenzene (9 .72) 126 C6Cl6 Hexachlorobenzene (8 .98) 822 C6F6 Hexafluorobenzene 9 .89 ± 0 .04 8 C6F12 Perfluorocyclohexane (13 .2) –1095 C6HF5 Pentafluorobenzene (9 .63) 122 C6HF5O Pentafluorophenol (9 .20) –71 C6H2F4 1,2,3,4-Tetrafluorobenzene (9 .53) 284 C6H2F4 1,2,3,5-Tetrafluorobenzene (9 .53) 263 C6H2F4 1,2,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzene (9 .35) 254 C6H3Cl3 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene (9 .04) 880 C6H3Cl3 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene 9 .32 ± 0 .02 899 C6H4ClNO2 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene (9 .92 ± 0 .1) 995 C6H4ClNO2 1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene (9 .96 ± 0 .1) 999 C6H4Cl2 o-Dichlorobenzene 9 .06 ± 0 .02 907 C6H4Cl2 m-Dichlorobenzene 9 .10 ± 0 .02 906 C6H4Cl2 p-Dichlorobenzene 8 .92 ± 0 .02 885 C6H4FNO2 1-Fluoro-4-nitrobenzene (9 .90) 826 C6H4F2 o-Difluorobenzene 9 .29 ± 0 .01 602 C6H4F2 m-Difluorobenzene 9 .33 ± 0 .01 591 C6H4F2 p-Difluorobenzene 9 .1589 ± 0 .0003 577 C6H4O2 p-Benzoquinone 10 .01 ± 0 .06 844 C6H5Br Bromobenzene 9 .00 ± 0 .02 971 C6H5Cl Chlorobenzene 9 .07 ± 0 .02 930 C6H5ClO m-Chlorophenol 8 .655 ± 0 .001 680 C6H5ClO p-Chlorophenol (≤ 8 .69) ≤ 692 C6H5F Fluorobenzene 9 .20 ± 0 .01 772 C6H5I Iodobenzene 8 .685 1003 C6H5NO2 Nitrobenzene 9 .86 ± 0 .02 1019 C6H5NO3 o-Nitrophenol (9 .1) 782 C6H5NO3 m-Nitrophenol (9 .0) 755 C6H5NO3 p-Nitrophenol (9 .1) 761 C6H6 Benzene 9 .24378 ± 0 .00007 975 C6H6 Fulvene (8 .36) 1031 C6H6ClN o-Chloroaniline (8 .50) 883 C6H6ClN m-Chloroaniline (8 .09) 835 C6H6ClN p-Chloroaniline (≤ 8 .18) ≤ 844 CHNO o-Nitroaniline (8 .27) 861
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
C6H6N2O2 m-Nitroaniline (8 .31) 865 C6H6N2O2 p-Nitroaniline (8 .34) 859 C6H6O Phenol 8 .49 ± 0 .02 723 C6H6O2 p-Hydroquinone 7 .94 ± 0 .01 503 C6H6S Benzenethiol (8 .32) 915 C6H7N Aniline 7 .720 ± 0 .002 832 C6H7N 2-Methylpyridine (9 .02) 970 C6H7N 3-Methylpyridine (9 .04) 979 C6H7N 4-Methylpyridine (9 .04) 976 C6H8N2 o-Phenylenediamine (7 .2) 787 C6H8N2 m-Phenylenediamine (7 .14) 777 C6H8N2 p-Phenylenediamine (6 .87 ± 0 .05) 759 C6H10 1,5-Hexadiene 9 .27 ± 0 .05 978 C6H10 1-Hexyne 10 .03 ± 0 .05 1089 C6H10 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butyne 9 .90 ± 0 .04 1060 C6H10 Cyclohexene 8 .945 ± 0 .01 859 C6H10O Cyclohexanone 9 .14 ± 0 .01 656 C6H10O Mesityl oxide 9 .10 ± 0 .01 694 C6H10O4 Diethyl oxalate (9 .8) 205 C6H11NO Caprolactam (9 .07 ± 0 .02) 629 C6H12 1-Hexene 9 .44 ± 0 .04 869 C6H12 cis-2-Hexene (8 .97 ± 0 .01) 818 C6H12 trans-2-Hexene (8 .97 ± 0 .01) 814 C6H12 2-Methyl-1-pentene (9 .08 ± 0 .01) 817 C6H12 4-Methyl-1-pentene 9 .45 ± 0 .01 862 C6H12 2-Methyl-2-pentene (8 .58) 761 C6H12 4-Methyl-cis-2-pentene 8 .98 ± 0 .01 809 C6H12 4-Methyl-trans-2-pentene (8 .97 ± 0 .01) 804 C6H12 2-Ethyl-1-butene (9 .06 ± 0 .02) 818 C6H12 2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene (9 .07 ± 0 .01) 812 C6H12 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butene 8 .27 ± 0 .01 729 C6H12 Cyclohexane 9 .86 ± 0 .03 828 C6H12 Methylcyclopentane (9 .85) 845 C6H12O Hexanal 9 .72 ± 0 .05 691 C6H12O 2-Hexanone 9 .3 ± 0 .1 626 C6H12O 3-Hexanone 9 .12 ± 0 .02 600 C6H12O 3-Methyl-2-pentanone 9 .21 ± 0 .01 600 C6H12O 4-Methyl-2-pentanone 9 .30 ± 0 .01 609 C6H12O 2-Methyl-3-pentanone 9 .10 ± 0 .01 592 C6H12O 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanone 9 .12 ± 0 .02 589 C6H12O Cyclohexanol (9 .75) 651 C6H12O2 Hexanoic acid ≤ 10 .12 ≤ 463 C6H12O2 Butyl acetate (9 .92 ± .05) 471 C6H12O2 sec-Butyl acetate 9 .90 453 C6H12O2 Methyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate (9 .90 ± 0 .04) 466 C6H13I 1-Iodohexane 9 .179 794 C6H13N Cyclohexylamine (8 .86) 750 C6H14 Hexane 10 .13 810 C6H14 2-Methylpentane (10 .12) 802 C6H14 3-Methylpentane (10 .08) 801 C6H14 2,2-Dimethylbutane (10 .06) 787 C6H14 2,3-Dimethylbutane (10 .02) 791 C6H14O 1-Hexanol (9 .89) 639 C6H14O 2-Hexanol (9 .80 ± 0 .03) 611 C6H14O 3-Hexanol (9 .63 ± 0 .03) 599 C6H14O Dipropyl ether (9 .27) 602 C6H14O Diisopropyl ether 9 .20 ± 0 .05 569 C6H14O Butyl ethyl ether (9 .36) 610 C6H14O Methyl pentyl ether (≤ 9 .67) ≤ 657 CHO 1,1-Diethoxyethane (9 .2) 434
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
C6H14O3 Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether ≤ 9 .8 ≤ 448 C6H14S Dipropyl sulfide 8 .30 ± 0 .02 676 C6H14S Diisopropyl sulfide (8 .2 ± 0 .2) 649 C6H15N Hexylamine (8 .63 ± 0 .05) 699 C6H15N Dipropylamine (7 .84 ± 0 .02) 641 C6H15N Diisopropylamine (7 .73 ± 0 .03) 602 C6H15N Triethylamine (7 .50 ± 0 .02) 631 C6H15NO3 Triethanolamine (7 .9) 206 C7H3F5 2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluorotoluene (9 .4) 64 C7H5ClO Benzoyl chloride (9 .53) 815 C7H5Cl3 (Trichloromethyl)benzene (≤ 9 .60) ≤ 914 C7H5F3 (Trifluoromethyl)benzene 9 .685 ± 0 .005 335 C7H5N Benzonitrile 9 .70 ± 0 .01 1154 C7H6O Benzaldehyde 9 .49 ± 0 .02 878 C7H6O2 Benzoic acid (9 .3) 604 C7H7Br p-Bromotoluene 8 .67 ± 0 .02 908 C7H7Cl o-Chlorotoluene (8 .7 ± 0 .1) 856 C7H7Cl m-Chlorotoluene (8 .83) 869 C7H7Cl p-Chlorotoluene (8 .69) 855 C7H7Cl (Chloromethyl)benzene 9 .10 ± 0 .02 897 C7H7F o-Fluorotoluene 8 .91 ± 0 .01 709 C7H7F m-Fluorotoluene 8 .91 ± 0 .01 709 C7H7F p-Fluorotoluene 8 .79 ± 0 .01 701 C7H7NO Benzamide (9 .25) 792 C7H7NO2 o-Nitrotoluene 9 .24 946 C7H7NO2 m-Nitrotoluene 9 .45 ± 0 .1 941 C7H7NO2 p-Nitrotoluene 9 .46 ± 0 .05 942 C7H8 Toluene 8 .8276 ± 0 .0006 901 C7H8O o-Cresol (8 .24) 670 C7H8O m-Cresol 8 .29 ± 0 .07 668 C7H8O p-Cresol (8 .3) 675 C7H8O Benzyl alcohol (8 .3) 701 C7H8O Anisole 8 .22 ± 0 .03 725 C7H9N Benzylamine (8 .64) 917 C7H9N o-Methylaniline (7 .44 ± 0 .02) 772 C7H9N m-Methylaniline (7 .50 ± 0 .02) 778 C7H9N p-Methylaniline (7 .24 ± 0 .02) 753 C7H9N N-Methylaniline 7 .34 ± 0 .04 792 C7H9N 2,3-Dimethylpyridine (8 .85 ± 0 .02) 922 C7H9N 2,4-Dimethylpyridine (8 .85 ± 0 .03) 918 C7H9N 2,5-Dimethylpyridine (≤ 8 .80 ± 0 .05) ≤ 916 C7H9N 2,6-Dimethylpyridine 8 .86 ± 0 .03 913 C7H9N 3,4-Dimethylpyridine (≤ 9 .15) ≤ 953 C7H9N 3,5-Dimethylpyridine (≤ 9 .25) ≤ 965 C7H10O Dicyclopropyl ketone (9 .1) 1041 C7H14 1-Heptene 9 .34 ± 0 .10 839 C7H14 trans-3-Heptene (8 .92) 790 C7H14 Cycloheptane 9 .97 844 C7H14 Methylcyclohexane 9 .64 775 C7H14 cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane (9 .92 ± 0 .05) 828 C7H14 trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclopentane 9 .7 ± 0 .2 799 C7H14O 1-Heptanal (9 .65) 668 C7H14O 2-Heptanone 9 .28 ± 0 .10 594 C7H14O 3-Heptanone 9 .18 ± 0 .08 589 C7H14O 4-Heptanone 9 .10 ± 0 .06 577 C7H14O 5-Methyl-2-hexanone (9 .28) 586 C7H14O 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanone 8 .95 ± 0 .01 552 C7H14O 1-Methylcyclohexanol (9 .8 ± 0 .2) 586 C7H16 Heptane 9 .93 ± 0 .10 771 CHO 1-Heptanol (9 .84) 614
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
C7H16O 2-Heptanol (9 .70) 580 C7H16O 3-Heptanol (9 .68) 578 C7H16O 4-Heptanol (9 .61) 572 C7H16O Ethyl pentyl ether (≤ 9 .49) ≤ 602 C8H4O3 Phthalic anhydride (10 .1) 603 C8H6O4 Isophthalic acid (9 .98) 268 C8H6O4 Terephthalic acid (9 .86) 232 C8H7N 2-Methylbenzonitrile (≤ 9 .38) 1085 C8H7N 3-Methylbenzonitrile (≤ 9 .34) 1085 C8H7N 4-Methylbenzonitrile 9 .32 ± 0 .02 1083 C8H7N Indole 7 .7602 ± 0 .0006 908 C8H8 Styrene 8 .464 ± 0 .001 964 C8H8O p-Tolualdehyde (9 .33) 825 C8H8O Acetophenone 9 .29 ± 0 .03 810 C8H8O2 o-Toluic acid (9 .1) 558 C8H8O2 m-Toluic acid (9 .43) 579 C8H8O2 p-Toluic acid (9 .23) 560 C8H8O2 Benzeneacetic acid (8 .26) 479 C8H8O2 Methyl benzoate 9 .32 ± 0 .03 611 C8H10 Ethylbenzene 8 .77 ± 0 .01 876 C8H10 o-Xylene 8 .56 ± 0 .01 844 C8H10 m-Xylene 8 .56 ± 0 .01 843 C8H10 p-Xylene 8 .44 ± 0 .01 832 C8H10O p-Ethylphenol (7 .84) 613 C8H10O 2,3-Xylenol (8 .26) 640 C8H10O 2,4-Xylenol (8 .0) 609 C8H10O 2,6-Xylenol (8 .05) 615 C8H10O 3,4-Xylenol (8 .09) 624 C8H10O Phenetole (8 .13) 683 C8H11N 2,4,6-Trimethylpyridine (≤ 8 .9) ≤ 880 C8H11N N-Ethylaniline (≤ 7 .67) ≤ 794 C8H11N N,N-Dimethylaniline 7 .12 ± 0 .02 787 C8H14 1-Octyne (9 .95 ± 0 .02) 1040 C8H14 2-Octyne 9 .31 ± 0 .01 961 C8H14 3-Octyne 9 .22 ± 0 .01 952 C8H14 4-Octyne 9 .20 ± 0 .01 946 C8H16 1-Octene 9 .43 ± 0 .01 829 C8H16 Cyclooctane 9 .75 ± 0 .05 816 C8H16 Ethylcyclohexane (9 .54) 748 C8H16 1,1-Dimethylcyclohexane (9 .42) 728 C8H16 cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane (<9 .78) 772 C8H16 trans-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane 9 .41 728 C8H16 cis-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane (<9 .98) 778 C8H16 trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane 9 .53 743 C8H16 cis-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane (<9 .93) 782 C8H16 trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane (9 .56) 738 C8H16 Propylcyclopentane (9 .34) 753 C8H16O 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-pentanone (8 .80) 511 C8H18 Octane 9 .80 ± 0 .10 737 C8H18 2-Methylheptane (9 .84) 734 C8H18 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (9 .86) 713 C8H18 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane 9 .8 720 C8H18O Dibutyl ether (9 .28) s 560 C8H18O Di-sec-butyl ether (9 .11) 511 C8H18O Di-tert-butyl ether 8 .88 ± 0 .07 493 C8H18S Dibutyl sulfide (8 .2) 624 C8H18S Di-tert-butyl sulfide (8 .0) 583 C8H18S Diisobutyl sulfide (8 .34) 625 C8H19N Dibutylamine (7 .69) 586 CHN Diisobutylamine (7 .8) 574
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
C8H20Si Tetraethylsilane (8 .9) 595 C9H7N Quinoline 8 .62 ± 0 .01 1041 C9H7N Isoquinoline 8 .53 ± 0 .03 1032 C9H8 Indene 8 .14 ± 0 .01 949 C9H10 o-Methylstyrene (8 .20) 908 C9H10 m-Methylstyrene (8 .15) 899 C9H10 p-Methylstyrene (8 .1) 895 C9H10 Cyclopropylbenzene (8 .35) 956 C9H10 Indan (8 .3) 864 C9H10O2 Ethyl benzoate (8 .9) 537 C9H12 Propylbenzene 8 .713 ± 0 .010 848 C9H12 Isopropylbenzene 8 .73 ± 0 .01 847 C9H12 1,2,3-Trimethylbenzene 8 .42 ± 0 .02 803 C9H12 1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene 8 .27 ± 0 .01 784 C9H12 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene 8 .41 ± 0 .01 796 C9H13N N,N-Dimethyl-o-toluidine 7 .40 ± 0 .02 814 C9H14O Isophorone (≤ 9 .07) ≤ 670 C9H18 Butylcyclopentane (9 .95) 793 C9H18 Propylcyclohexane (9 .46) 720 C9H18 Isopropylcyclohexane (9 .33) 704 C9H18O 2-Nonanone (9 .16) 545 C9H18O 5-Nonanone (9 .07) 530 C9H18O 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone 9 .01 ± 0 .06 512 C9H20 Nonane 9 .71 ± 0 .10 709 C10F8 Perfluoronaphthalene 8 .85 –368 C10H7Br 1-Bromonaphthalene 8 .08 ± 0 .03 955 C10H7Cl 1-Chloronaphthalene (8 .13) 906 C10H8 Naphthalene 8 .1442 ± 0 .0009 936 C10H8 Azulene 7 .38 ± 0 .05 1001 C10H8O 1-Naphthol 7 .76 ± 0 .03 719 C10H8O 2-Naphthol 7 .87 ± 0 .06 729 C10H10O4 Dimethyl phthalate (9 .64 ± 0 .07) 277 C10H12 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene 8 .46 ± 0 .02 841 C10H14 Butylbenzene 8 .69 ± 0 .02 826 C10H14 sec-Butylbenzene 8 .68 ± 0 .02 820 C10H14 tert-Butylbenzene 8 .68 ± 0 .05 816 C10H14 Isobutylbenzene 8 .69 ± 0 .02 817 C10H14 p-Cymene (8 .29) 771 C10H14 o-Diethylbenzene (≤ 8 .51) ≤ 804 C10H14 m-Diethylbenzene (8 .49) 798 C10H14 p-Diethylbenzene (8 .40) 790 C10H14 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene 8 .04 ± 0 .02 730 C10H14O p-tert-Butylphenol (7 .8) 552 C10H16 α-Pinene (8 .07) 808 C10H16O Camphor (8 .76) 577 C10H18 cis-Decahydronaphthalene 9 .36 ± 0 .04 734 C10H18 trans-Decahydronaphthalene 9 .34 ± 0 .04 720 C10H20 1-Decene 9 .42 ± 0 .05 786 C10H20 Butylcyclohexane (9 .41) 695 C10H22 Decane (9 .65) 682 C11H10 1-Methylnaphthalene 7 .97 ± 0 .03 882 C11H10 2-Methylnaphthalene 7 .91 ± 0 .08 877 C11H16 p-tert-Butyltoluene (8 .12) 730 C11H24 Undecane (9 .56) 650 C11H24 2-Methyldecane (9 .7) 658 C12H8 Acenaphthylene (8 .22) 1053 C12H9N Carbazole (7 .57) 961 C12H10 Acenaphthene 7 .75 ± 0 .07 903 C12H10 Biphenyl 8 .23 ± 0 .10 977 CHNO trans-Azoxybenzene (8 .1) 1123
Mol. form. Name IP/eV
∆f Hion kJ/mol
C12H10O Diphenyl ether (8 .09) 766 C12H11N Diphenylamine 7 .16 ± 0 .04 908 C12H18 5,7-Dodecadiyne (8 .67) 1079 C12H18 Hexamethylbenzene 7 .85 ± 0 .01 670 C12H22 Cyclohexylcyclohexane (9 .41) 690 C12H27N Tributylamine (7 .4) 492 C13H10 9H-Fluorene 7 .91 ± 0 .02 952 C13H10O Benzophenone 9 .08 ± 0 .05 926 C13H12 Diphenylmethane (8 .55) 963 C14H10 Anthracene 7 .439 ± 0 .006 948 C14H10 Phenanthrene 7 .8914 ± 0 .0006 966 C14H10 Diphenylacetylene 7 .94 ± 0 .03 1168 C14H12 cis-Stilbene (7 .80) 1005 C14H12 trans-Stilbene 7 .656 ± 0 .001 973 C14H14 1,2-Diphenylethane 8 .9 ± 0 .1 1002 C16H10 Fluoranthene 7 .9 ± 0 .1 1052 C16H10 Pyrene 7 .4256 ± 0 .0006 935 C18H12 Chrysene 7 .60 ± 0 .01 1017 C18H14 o-Terphenyl (7 .99) 1056 C18H14 m-Terphenyl (8 .01) 1057 C18H14 p-Terphenyl 7 .80 ± 0 .03 1037 C20H12 Perylene 6 .960 ± 0 .001 981 C24H12 Coronene 7 .29 ± 0 .01 1026
