ABSTRACT
Doppler Features ....................................................................................................... 104 8.3.2 Indications for FNAB ............................................................................................... 105
8.4 Ultrasound and Thyroid Cancer ........................................................................................... 106 8.4.1 Goals of Neck US Examination: Detection of Recurrences ..................................... 107 8.4.2 Cervical Ultrasound Procedure ................................................................................ 108 8.4.3 Normal Ultrasound Findings .................................................................................... 108 8.4.4 Criteria of Malignancy for Cervical Lymph Nodes.................................................. 108 8.4.5 Criteria of Malignancy for Thyroid Bed Lesions ..................................................... 110 8.4.6 Diagnosis of Subcutaneous and Muscular Recurrences ........................................... 110 8.4.7 Indications for UG-FNAB of Suspicious Lesion with TG Measurement in the
FNAB Washout Fluid (TG-FNAB) .......................................................................... 110 8.4.7.1 Technique for UG-FNAB and TG-FNAB ................................................. 110 8.4.7.2 Indications for UG-FNAB and TG-FNAB ................................................ 111
8.4.8 Indications for Neck Ultrasonography Examination in the Follow-Up of Patients Presenting with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ................................... 111
8.5 Innovations in Thyroid Ultrasound Technology ................................................................... 111 8.5.1 Speckle Reduction Imaging ...................................................................................... 111 8.5.2 Contrast Imaging ...................................................................................................... 111 8.5.3 Ultrasound Elastography .......................................................................................... 112
ABSTRACT: Today, thyroid ultrasonography (US) is one of the most frequently used tools in the management of thyroid nodules. In the presence of a thyroid nodule, it is the ˆrst morphological examination to be carried out. This examination conˆrms the diagnosis of the nodule, collects the characteristics suspicious for malignancy, and guides ˆne-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), which today remains the best predictive procedure for malignancy. Several reports, particularly the latest American clinical practice guideline by radiologists, analyze the optimal US characteristics that predict malignancy and prompt ultrasound-guided FNAB (UG-FNAB).
