ABSTRACT
Both configurations tolerate all single shorts and double shorts (ac, bd). Config uration a also tolerates double shorts (ad, be). In a dual manner, configuration b tolerates more patterns of open components (such as open resistors and diodes or stuck-at-closed fuel valves). In particular, configuration b tolerates the double-open failures of (ad, be) for which configuration a fails. Now consider the case where blocks (a, c) are processors and (b, d) are memories. For the system to operate, at least one processor-memory pair is required. Configuration a represents a computer with a standby spare. Figure 5-4a illustrates the application of the series reliability equation.
