ABSTRACT
Adipose tissue produces proteins that are classical mediators of the inammatory response. Proinammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), C-reactive protein, and IL-6 are secreted by adipocytes, resulting in the enhanced systemic levels of these cytokines in obese subjects [1]. These observations provided the œrst link between metabolic conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Obesity
23.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 323 23.2 Obesity and Diabetes as Major Public Health Issues ........................................................... 324 23.3 Adipose Tissue as a Secretory Organ ................................................................................... 324 23.4 Relationship between Obesity, Diabetes, and Inammation ................................................ 325 23.5 Complications of Obesity and Diabetes ............................................................................... 326 23.6 Phytochemicals in Obesity and Diabetes ............................................................................. 326
23.6.1 Curcumin .................................................................................................................. 327 23.6.1.1 Rodent Studies ........................................................................................... 327 23.6.1.2 Human Clinical Trials ............................................................................... 328
23.6.2 Resveratrol ................................................................................................................ 328 23.6.2.1 Rodent Studies .......................................................................................... 329 23.6.2.2 Human Clinical Trials ............................................................................... 329
23.6.3 Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate ....................................................................................... 329 23.6.3.1 Rodent Studies ........................................................................................... 330 23.6.3.2 Human Clinical Trials ............................................................................... 330
23.6.4 Genistein ................................................................................................................... 330 23.6.4.1 Rodent Studies ........................................................................................... 331 23.6.4.2 Human Clinical Trials ............................................................................... 331
23.7 Perspectives .......................................................................................................................... 331 23.8 Conclusions and Future Directions ....................................................................................... 332 Take-Home Messages .................................................................................................................... 332 References ...................................................................................................................................... 333
and diabetes have since then been considered inammatory conditions and the pathogenesis of inammation in obesity and diabetes is an emerging œeld of research.
