ABSTRACT
Acanthite Ag2S orth 7.2 2.3 Actinolite Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH,F)2 monocl 3.23 5.5 1.624 1.655 1.664 Aegirine NaFe(SiO3)2 monocl 3.58 6 1.763 1.800 1.815 Akermanite Ca2MgSi2O7 tetr 2.94 5.5 1.632 1.640 Alabandite MnS cub 4.0 3.8 Albite NaAlSi3O8 tricl 2.63 6.3 1.527 1.531 1.538 Allanite (Ca,Mn,Ce,La,Y,Th)2(Fe,Ti)(Al,Fe)O·OH
(Si2O7)(SiO4) monocl 3.8 5.8 1.75 1.78 1.80
Allemontite SbAs hex 6.0 3.5 Almandine Fe3Al2Si3O12 cub 4.32 6.8 1.830 Altaite PbTe cub 8.16 3 Aluminite Al2(SO4)(OH)4·7H2O monocl 1.74 1.5 1.459 1.464 1.470 Alunite (K,Na)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 rhomb 2.8 3.8 1.572 1.592 Alunogen Al2(SO4)3·18H2O monocl 1.69 1.8 1.467 1.47 1.478 Amblygonite (Li,Na)Al(PO4)(F,OH) tricl 3.1 5.8 1.591 1.604 1.613 Analcite NaAlSi2O6·H20 cub 2.27 5.5 1.486 Anatase TiO2 tetr 4.23 5.8 2.488 2.561 Andalusite Al2OSiO4 orth 3.15 7.5 1.635 1.639 1.644 Andesine NaAlSi3O8·CaAl2Si2O8 tricl 2.67 6.3 1.550 1.553 1.557 Andorite PbAgSb3S6 rhomb 5.35 3.3 Andradite Ca3(Fe,Ti)2Si3O12 cub 3.86 6.8 1.887 Anglesite PbSO4 orth 6.29 2.8 1.877 1.883 1.894 Anhydrite CaSO4 orth 2.96 3.5 1.570 1.575 1.614 Ankerite Ca(Fe,Mg,Mn)(CO3)2 rhomb 3.0 3.8 1.529 1.720 Anorthite CaAl2Si2O8 tricl 2.76 6.3 1.577 1.585 1.590 Anorthoclase (Na,K)AlSi3O8 tricl 2.58 6 1.523 1.528 1.529 Anthophyllite (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH,F)2 rhomb 3.21 5.8 1.645 1.658 1.668 Apatite Ca5(PO4)3(OH,F,Cl) hex 3.2 5 1.645 1.648 Apophyllite KFCa4Si8O20·8H2O tetr 2.35 4.8 1.535 1.536 Aragonite CaCO3 orth 2.83 3.5 1.531 1.680 1.686 Arcanite K2SO4 orth 2.66 1.494 1.494 1.497 Argentite Ag2S orth 7.2 2.3 Arsenolite As2O3 cub 3.86 1.5 1.755 Arsenopyrite FeAsS monocl 6.1 5.8 Atacamite Cu2(OH)3Cl rhomb 3.76 3.3 1.831 1.861 1.880 Augelite Al2(PO4)(OH)3 monocl 2.70 4.8 1.574 1.576 1.588 Augite (Ca,Mg,Fe,Ti,Al)2(Si,Al)2O6 monocl 3.38 6 1.703 1.707 1.738 Autunite Ca(UO22)(PO4)2·10H20 tetr 3.2 2.3 1.553 1.577 Axinite (Ca,Mn,Fe)3Al2BO3Si4O12(OH) tricl 3.31 6.8 1.684 1.691 1.694
Name Formula system Density g/cm3 Hardness
nα nβ nγ
Azurite Cu3(OH)2(CO3)2 monocl 3.77 3.8 1.730 1.758 1.838 Baddeleyite ZrO2 monocl 5.7 6.5 2.13 2.19 2.20 Barite BaSO4 orth 4.49 3.3 1.636 1.637 1.648 Benitoite BaTi(SiO3)3 rhomb 3.65 6.3 1.757 1.804 Bertrandite Be4Si2O7(OH)2 rhomb 2.6 6 1.589 1.602 1.613 Beryl Be3Al2(SiO3)6 hex 2.64 7.8 1.582 1.589 Beryllonite NaBe(PO)4 monocl 2.81 5.8 1.552 1.558 1.561 Biotite K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2 monocl 3.0 2.8 1.595 1.651 1.651 Bismuthinite Bi2S3 orth 6.78 2 Bixbyite (Mn,Fe)2O3 cub 4.95 6.3 Bloedite Na2Mg(SO4)2·4H2O monocl 2.25 2.8 1.483 1.486 1.487 Boehmite AlO(OH) orth 3.44 3.8 1.64 1.65 1.66 Boracite Mg3B7O13Cl rhomb 2.94 7.3 1.66 1.66 1.67 Borax Na2B4O7·10H2O monocl 1.73 2.3 1.447 1.469 1.472 Bornite Cu5FeS4 cub 5.07 3 Boulangerite Pb5Sb4S11 monocl 6.1 2.8 Bournonite PbCuSbS3 rhomb 5.83 2.8 Braggite PtS tetr 10.2 Braunite (Mn,Si)2O3 tetr 4.78 6.3 Bravoite (Ni,Fe)S2 cub 4.62 5.8 Breithauptite NiSb hex ≈8.7 5.5 Brochantite Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 monocl 3.79 3.8 1.728 1.771 1.800 Bromyrite AgBr cub 6.47 2.5 2.253 Brookite TiO2 orth 4.23 5.8 2.583 2.584 2.700 Brucite Mg(OH)2 hex 2.37 2.5 1.575 1.59 Bunsenite NiO cub 6.72 5.5 Cacoxenite Fe4(PO4)3(OH)3·12H20 hex 2.3 3.5 1.580 1.646 Calcite CaCO3 hex 2.71 3 1.486 1.658 Caledonite Cu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 rhomb 5.76 2.8 1.818 1.866 1.909 Calomel Hg2Cl2 tetr 7.16 1.5 1.973 2.656 Cancrinite (Na,Ca,K)7[Al6Si6O24](CO3,SO4,Cl,OH)2·H20 hex 2.42 5.5 1.495 1.509 Carnalite KMgCl3·6H20 rhomb 1.60 2.5 1.466 1.475 1.494 Carnotite K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O rhomb 1.5 1.75 1.92 1.95 Cassiterite SnO2 tetr 6.85 6.5 2.006 2.097 Celestite SrSO4 orth 3.96 3.3 1.622 1.624 1.631 Celsian BaAl2Si2O8 monocl 3.25 6.3 1.583 1.588 1.594 Cerargyrite AgCl cub 5.56 2.5 2.071 Cerussite PbCO3 orth 6.6 3.3 1.804 2.076 2.079 Cervantite Sb2O4 orth 6.64 4.5 Chabazite Ca[Al2Si4O12]·6H2O trig 2.08 4.5 1.482 Chalcanthite CuSO4·5H2O tricl 2.29 2.5 1.514 1.537 1.543 Chalcocite Cu2S orth 5.6 2.8 Chalcopyrite CuFeS2 tetr 4.2 3.8 Chiolite Na5Al3F14 tetr 3.00 3.8 1.342 1.349 Chlorite (Mg,Al,Fe)12(Si,Al)8O20(OH)16 monocl 3.0 2.5 1.61 1.62 1.62 Chloritoid FeAl4O2(SiO4)2(OH)4 monocl 3.66 6.5 1.717 1.721 1.726 Chondrodite Mg(OH,F)2·2Mg2SiO4 monocl 3.21 6.5 1.604 1.615 1.634 Chromite FeCr2O4 cub 5.0 5.5 2.16 Chrysoberyl BeAl2O4 orth 3.65 8.5 1.746 1.748 1.756 Chrysocolla CuSiO3·2H2O rhomb 2.4 2 1.575 1.597 1.598 Cinnabar HgS hex 8.17 2.3 2.814 3.143 Claudetite As2O3 monocl 3.74 2.5 1.87 1.92 2.01 Clinohumite Mg(OH,F)2·4Mg2SiO4 monocl 3.21 6 1.633 1.647 1.668 Clinozoisite Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) monocl 3.30 6.5 1.693 1.700 1.712 Cobaltite CoAsS cub ≈6.1 5.5 Colemanite Ca2B6O11·5H2O monocl 2.42 4.5 1.586 1.592 1.614 Columbite (Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)2O6 rhomb 5.20 6 Connellite Cu19(SO4)Cl4(OH)32·3H2O hex 3.36 3 1.731 1.752 Copiapite (Fe,Mg)Fe4(SO4)6(OH)2·20H2O tricl 2.13 2.8 1.52 1.54 1.59 Coquimbite Fe2(SO4)3·9H2O hex 2.1 2.5 1.54 1.56
Name Formula system Density g/cm3 Hardness
nα nβ nγ
Cordierite Al3(Mg,Fe)2Si5AlO18 rhomb 2.66 7 1.540 1.549 1.553 Corundum Al2O3 hex 3.97 9 1.761 1.769 Cotunnite PbCl2 orth 5.98 2.5 2.199 2.217 2.260 Covellite CuS hex 4.8 1.8 Cristobalite SiO2 hex 2.33 6.5 1.484 1.487 Crocoite PbCrO4 monocl 6.12 2.8 2.29 2.36 2.66 Cryolite Na3AlF6 monocl 2.97 2.5 1.338 1.338 1.339 Cryolithionite Na3Li3Al2F12 cub 2.77 2.8 1.340 Cubanite CuFe2S3 rhomb 4.11 3.5 Cummingtonite (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2 monocl 3.4 5.5 1.650 1.660 1.676 Cuprite Cu2O cub 6.0 3.8 Danburite CaSi2B2O8 rhomb 3.0 7 1.63 1.63 1.63 Datolite CaBSiO4(OH) monocl 2.98 5.3 1.624 1.652 1.668 Daubreelite Cr2FeS4 cub 3.81 Derbylite Fe6Ti6Sb2O23 rhomb 4.53 5 2.45 2.45 2.51 Diamond C cub 3.51 10 2.418 Diaspore AlO(OH) orth 3.4 6.8 1.694 1.715 1.741 Digenite Cu2-xS cub 5.55 2.8 Diopside CaMgSi2O6 monocl 3.30 6 1.680 1.687 1.708 Dioptase CuSiO2(ΟH)2 rhomb 3.5 5 1.65 1.70 Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2 rhomb 2.86 3.5 1.500 1.679 Douglasite K2FeCl4·2H2O orth 2.16 1.488 1.500 Dyscrasite Ag3Sb rhomb 9.74 3.8 Eddingtonite BaAl2Si3O10·4H2O rhomb 2.8 1.541 1.553 1.557 Eglestonite Hg4OCl2 cub 8.4 2.5 2.49 Emplectite CuBiS2 rhomb 6.38 2 Enargite Cu3AsS4 rhomb 4.5 3 Enstatite MgSiO3 monocl 3.19 5.5 1.656 1.662 1.669 Epidote Ca2Al2(Al,Fe)OH(SiO4)3 monocl 3.44 6 1.733 1.755 1.765 Epsomite MgSO4·7H2O orth 1.67 2.3 1.433 1.455 1.461 Erythrite (Co,Ni)3(AsO4)2·8H2O monocl 3.06 2 1.626 1.661 1.699 Eucairite CuAgSe orth 7.7 2.5 Euclasite BeAlSiO4(OH) monocl 3.1 7.5 1.651 1.655 1.671 Eudialite (Na,Ca,Ce)5(Fe,Mn)(Zr,Ti)(Si3O9)2 (OH,Cl) hex 3.0 5.5 1.623 1.600 1.615 Eulytite Bi4Si3O12 cub 6.6 4.5 2.05 Euxenite (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 rhomb 5.5 6 2.2 Fayalite Fe2SiO4 orth 4.30 6.5 1.827 1.869 1.879 Ferberite FeWO4 monocl 7.51 4.3 Fergussonite (Y,Er,Ce,Fe)(Nb,Ta,Ti)O4 tetr 5.7 6 2.1 Fluorite CaF2 cub 3.18 4 1.434 Forsterite Mg2SiO4 orth 3.21 7 1.635 1.651 1.670 Franklinite ZnFe2O4 cub 5.21 6 2.36 Gahnite ZnAl2O4 cub 4.62 7.8 1.805 Galaxite MnAl2O4 cub 4.04 7.8 1.92 Galena PbS cub 7.60 2.5 3.91 Galenabismuthite PbBi2S4 rhomb 7.04 3 Ganomalite (Ca,Pb)10(OH,Cl)2(Si2O7)3 hex 5.6 3.5 1.910 1.945 Gaylussite Na2Ca(CO3)2·5H2O monocl 1.99 2.8 1.444 1.516 1.523 Gehlenite Ca2Al2SiO7 tetr 3.04 5.5 1.658 1.669 Geikielite MgTiO3 hex 3.85 5.5 1.95 2.31 Gibbsite Al(OH)3 monocl 2.42 3 1.57 1.57 1.59 Glauberite Na2Ca(SO4)2 monocl 2.80 2.8 1.515 1.535 1.536 Glauconite (K,Na,Ca)1.6(Fe,Al,Mg)4.0Si7.3Al0.7 O20(OH)4 monocl 2.7 2 1.60 1.63 1.63 Glaucophane Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2 monocl 3.19 6 1.634 1.645 1.648 Gmelinite (Ca,Na2)[Al2Si4O12]·6H2O hex 2.10 4.5 1.477 1.485 Goethite FeO(OH) orth 4.3 5.3 2.268 2.401 2.457 Goslarite ZnSO4·7H2O orth 1.97 2.3 1.457 1.480 1.484 Greenockite CdS hex 4.8 3.3 2.506 2.529 Grossularite Ca3Al2Si3O12 cub 3.59 6.8 1.734 Gummite UO3·H2O orth 7.05 3.8
Name Formula system Density g/cm3 Hardness
nα nβ nγ
Gypsum CaSO4·2H2O monocl 2.32 2 1.520 1.525 1.530 Halite NaCl cub 2.17 2 1.544 Hambergite Be2(OH)(BO3) rhomb 2.36 7.5 1.56 1.59 1.63 Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl hex 2.56 3.3 1.461 1.481 Harmotome Ba[Al2Si6O16]·6H2O monocl 2.44 4.5 1.506 1.507 1.511 Hausmannite Mn3O4 tetr 4.84 5.5 2.15 2.46 Haüyne (Na,Ca)4-8Al6Si6O24(SO4,S)1-2 cub 2.47 5.8 1.502 Hedenbergite CaFeSi2O6 monocl 3.53 6 1.721 1.727 1.746 Helvite Mn4Be3Si3O12S cub 3.32 6 1.739 Hematite Fe2O3 hex 5.25 6 2.91 3.19 Hemimorphite Zn4Si2O7(OH)2·H2O rhomb 3.45 5 1.614 1.617 1.636 Hercynite Fe(AlO2)2 cub 4.3 7.8 1.835 Herderite CaBe(PO4)(Fe,OH) monocl 2.98 5.3 1.592 1.612 1.621 Hessite Ag2Te orth 8.4 2.5 Heulandite (Ca,Na2,K2)[Al2Si7O18]·6H2O monocl 2.2 3.8 1.498 1.498 1.506 Hopeite Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O orth 3.0 3.2 1.58 1.59 1.59 Hornblende Ca2(Mg,Fe)4Al(Si7AlO22)(OH)2 monocl 3.24 5.5 1.67 1.67 1.69 Huebnerite MnWO4 monocl 7.2 4.3 2.17 2.22 2.32 Humite Mg(OH,F)2·3Mg2SiO4 orth 3.3 6 1.625 1.636 1.657 Huntite Mg3Ca(CO3)4 trig 2.70 Hydrogrossularite Ca3Al2Si2O8(SiO4)1-m(OH)4m cub 3.4 6.8 1.70 Hydromagnesite 3MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·3H2O monocl 2.24 3.5 1.523 1.527 1.545 Illite KAl4[Si7AlO20](OH)4 monocl 2.8 1.5 1.56 1.59 1.59 Ilmenite FeTiO3 rhomb 4.72 5.5 Iodyrite AgI hex 5.68 1.5 2.21 2.22 Jacobsite MnFe2O4 cub 4.87 7.8 2.3 Jadeite NaAlSi2O6 monocl 3.34 6 1.649 1.654 1.663 Jamesonite Pb4FeSb6S14 monocl 5.63 2.5 Jarosite KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 rhomb 3.09 3 1.715 1.820 Kainite KMg(SO4)Cl·3H2O monocl 2.15 2.8 1.494 1.505 1.516 Kaliophylite KAlSiO4 hex 2.61 6 1.532 1.537 Kaolinite Al4Si4O10(OH)8 tricl 2.65 2.3 1.549 1.564 1.565 Kernite Na2B4O7·4H2O monocl 1.95 2.5 1.454 1.472 1.488 Kieserite MgSO4·H2O monocl 2.57 3.5 1.520 1.533 1.584 Kyanite Al2OSiO4 tricl 3.59 6.3 1.715 1.722 1.731 Lanarkite Pb2(SO4)O monocl 6.92 2.3 1.928 2.007 2.036 Lanthanite (La,Ce)2(CO3)3·8H2O rhomb 2.72 2.8 1.52 1.587 1.613 Laumontite Ca4[Al8Si16O48]·16H2O monocl 2.3 3.3 1.508 1.517 1.519 Laurionite Pb(OH)Cl rhomb 6.24 3.3 2.08 2.12 2.16 Lawsonite CaAl2(OH)2Si2O7·H2O rhomb 3.08 6 1.655 1.675 1.685 Lazulite (Mg,Fe)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 monocl 3.23 5.8 1.615 1.64 1.650 Lazurite Na4SSi3Al3O12 cub 2.42 5.3 1.500 Leadhillite Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2 monocl 6.55 2.8 1.87 2.00 2.01 Lepidocrocite FeO(OH) orth 4.26 5 1.94 2.20 2.51 Lepidolite K2(Li,Al)5-6[Si6-7Al2-1O20](OH,F)4 monocl 2.85 3.3 1.536 1.565 1.566 Leucite KAlSi2O6 tetr 2.49 5.8 1.510 Levyne (Ca,Na2)Al2Si4O12·6H2O rhomb 2.10 4.5 1.496 1.501 Litharge PbO tetr 9.35 2 2.535 2.665 Loellingite FeAs2 rhomb 7.40 5.3 Maghemite Fe2O3 cub 4.88 7.8 2.63 Magnesite MgCO3 hex 3.05 4 1.536 1.741 Magnetite Fe3O4 cub 5.17 6 2.42 Malachite Cu2(OH)2(CO3) monocl 4.05 3.8 1.655 1.875 1.909 Manganite MnO(OH) monocl ≈4.3 4 2.25 2.25 2.53 Manganosite MnO cub 5.37 5.5 Marcasite FeS2 cub 5.02 6.3 Marialite Na4Al3Si9O24Cl tetr 2.56 5.5 1.541 1.548 Marshite CuI cub 5.67 2.5 2.346 Mascagnite (NH4)2SO4 orth 1.77 2.3 1.520 1.523 1.533 Matlockite PbClF tetr 7.05 2.8 2.006 2.145
Name Formula system Density g/cm3 Hardness
nα nβ nγ
Meionite Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 tetr 2.78 5.5 1.559 1.595 Melanterite FeSO4·7H2O monocl 1.89 2 1.47 1.48 1.49 Melilite (Ca,Na)2(Mg,Fe,Al,Si)3O7 tetr 3.00 5.5 1.639 1.645 Mellite Al2C12O12·18H2O tetr 1.64 2.3 1.511 1.539 Mendipite Pb3O2Cl2 rhomb 7.24 2.5 2.24 2.27 2.31 Mesolite Na2Ca2(Al2Si3O10)3·8H2O orth 2.26 5 1.506 Metacinnabar HgS cub 7.70 3 Microcline KAlSi3O8 monocl 2.56 6.3 1.522 1.526 1.530 Miersite AgI hex 5.68 2.5 2.20 Millerite NiS hex 5.5 3.3 Mimetite Pb5(AsO4,PO4)3Cl hex 7.24 3.8 2.128 2.147 Minium Pb3O4 tetr 8.9 2.5 Mirabilite Na2SO4·10H2O monocl 1.46 1.8 1.394 1.396 1.398 Moissanite SiC hex 3.16 9.5 2.648 2.691 Molybdenite MoS2 hex 5.06 1.3 Monazite (Ce,La,Th)PO4 monocl 5.2 5 1.787 1.789 1.840 Monetite CaHPO4 tricl 2.92 3.5 1.587 1.61 1.640 Monticellite Ca(Mg,Fe)SiO4 orth 3.18 5.5 1.647 1.655 1.664 Montmorillonite (0.5Ca,Na)0.7(Al,Mg,Fe)4 [(Si,Al)8O20](OH)4·nH2O monocl 2.5 1.5 1.55 1.57 1.57 Montroydite HgO orth 11.14 2.5 2.37 2.50 2.65 Mordenite (Na,K,Ca)[Al2Si10O24]·7H2O orth 2.13 3.5 1.478 1.480 1.482 Muscovite KAl2Si3AlO10(OH,F)2 monocl 2.83 2.8 1.563 1.596 1.602 Nantokite CuCl cub 4.14 2.5 1.930 Natrolite Na2Al2Si3O10·2H2O orth 2.23 5 1.478 1.481 1.491 Nepheline Na3KAl4Si4O16 hex 2.61 5.8 1.534 1.538 Newberyite MgHPO4·3H2O orth 2.13 3.3 1.514 1.517 1.533 Niccolite NiAs hex 7.77 5.3 Norbergite Mg(OH,F)2·Mg2SiO4 orth 3.21 6.5 1.565 1.573 1.592 Nosean Na8Al6Si6O24SO4 cub 2.35 5.5 1.495 Oldhamite CaS cub 2.59 4 2.137 Oligoclase ([NaSi]0.9-0.7[CaAl]0.1-0.3)AlSi2O8 tricl 2.64 6.3 1.539 1.543 1.547 Olivenite Cu2(AsO4)(OH) rhomb 4.2 3 1.77 1.80 1.85 Olivine (Mg,Fe)SiO4 rhomb 3.81 6.8 1.73 1.76 1.78 Opal SiO2·nH2O amorp 1.9 5 1.44 Orpiment As2S3 monocl 3.46 1.8 2.40 2.81 3.02 Orthoclase KAlSi3O8 monocl 2.56 6 1.523 1.527 1.531 Orthopyroxene (Mg,Fe)SiO3 rhomb 3.6 5.5 1.709 1.712 1.723 Paragonite NaAl2Si3AlO10(OH)2 monocl 2.85 2.5 1.572 1.602 1.605 Parisite (Ce,La,Na)FCO3·CaCO3 hex 4.42 4.5 1.672 1.771 Pectolite Ca2NaH(SiO3)3 tricl 2.88 4.8 1.603 1.610 1.639 Penfieldite Pb4Cl6(OH)2 hex 6.6 2.13 2.21 Pentlandite (Fe,Ni)9S8 cub 4.8 3.8 Percylite PbCuCl2(OH)2 cub 2.5 2.05 Periclase MgO cub 3.6 5.5 1.735 Perovskite CaTiO3 cub 3.98 5.5 2.34 Petalite LiAlSi4O10 monocl 2.42 6.5 1.506 1.511 1.519 Pharmacosiderite Fe3(AsO4)2(OH)3·5H2O cub 2.80 2.5 1.690 Phenakite Be2SiO4 rhomb 2.98 7.5 1.654 1.670 Phillipsite K(Ca0.5,Na)2[Al3Si5O16]·6H2O monocl 2.2 4.3 1.494 1.497 1.505 Phlogopite KMg3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2 monocl 2.83 2.3 1.560 1.597 1.598 Phosgenite Pb2(CO3)Cl2 tetr 6.13 2.5 2.118 2.145 Piemontite Ca2(Mn,Fe,Al)3O(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH) monocl 3.49 6 1.762 1.773 1.796 Pigeonite (Mg,Fe,Ca)(Mg,Fe)Si2O6 monocl 3.38 6 1.702 1.703 1.728 Pollucite CsAlSi2O6 tetr 2.9 6.5 1.517 Polybasite (Ag,Cu)16Sb2S11 monocl 6.1 2.5 Powellite Ca(Mo,W)O4 tetr 4.35 3.8 1.971 1.980 Prehnite Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 rhomb 2.93 6.3 1.622 1.628 1.648 Proustite Ag3AsS3 rhomb 5.57 2.3 2.792 3.088 Pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 rhomb 4.36 6 2.38 2.39 2.42 Psilomelane BaMn9O16(OH)4 rhomb 4.71 5.5
Name Formula system Density g/cm3 Hardness
nα nβ nγ
Pumpellyite Ca2Al2(Al,Fe,Mg)[Si2(O,OH)7] (SiO4)(OH,O)3 monocl 3.21 5.5 1.688 1.695 1.705 Pyrargyrite Ag3SbS3 rhomb 5.85 2.5 2.88 3.08 Pyrite FeS2 cub 5.02 6.3 Pyrochlore NaCaNb2O6F cub 5.3 5.3 Pyrochroite Mn(OH)2 hex 3.26 2.5 1.68 1.72 Pyrolusite MnO2 tetr 5.08 6.3 Pyromorphite Pb5(PO4,AsO4)3Cl hex 7.04 3.8 2.048 2.058 Pyrope Mg3Al2Si3O12 cub 3.58 6.8 1.714 Pyrophyllite Al2Si4O10(OH)2 monocl 2.78 1.5 1.545 1.579 1.599 Pyrrhotite Fe7S8 hex 4.62 4 Quartz SiO2 hex 2.65 7 1.544 1.553 Rammelsbergite NiAs2 orth 7.1 5.8 Raspite PbWO4 monocl 8.46 2.8 1.27 1.27 1.30 Realgar As4S4 monocl 3.5 1.8 2.538 2.684 2.704 Rhodochrosite MnCO3 hex 3.70 3.8 1.597 1.816 Rhodonite (Mn,Fe,Ca)SiO3 orth 3.48 6 1.725 1.729 1.737 Riebeckite Na2Fe5(Si8O22)(OH)2 monocl 3.3 5 1.675 1.683 1.694 Rutile TiO2 tetr 4.23 6.2 2.609 2.900 Safflorite (Co,Fe)As2 rhomb 7.3 4.8 Samarskite (Y,Er,Ce,U,Ca,Fe,Pb,Th) (Nb,Ta,Ti,Sn)2O6 rhomb 5.69 5.5 2.200 Sapphirine (Mg,Fe)2Al4O6SiO4 monocl 3.49 7.5 1.709 1.712 1.715 Scapolite (Na,Ca)4Al3(Al,Si)3Si6O24 (Cl,F,OH,CO3,SO4) tetr 2.64 5.5 1.551 1.573 Scheelite CaWO4 tetr 6.06 4.8 1.920 1.936 Scolecite CaAl2Si3O10·3H2O monocl 2.27 5 1.510 1.518 1.519 Scorodite Fe(AsO4)·2H2O rhomb 3.28 3.8 1.784 1.795 1.814 Sellaite MgF2 tetr 3.15 5 1.378 1.390 Senarmontite Sb2O3 cub 5.58 2.3 2.087 Serpentine Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 monocl 2.55 3 1.55 1.56 1.56 Siderite FeCO3 hex 3.9 4.3 1.635 1.875 Sillimanite Al2OSiO4 rhomb 3.25 7 1.658 1.660 1.660 Skutterudite (Co,Ni)As3 cub 6.8 5.8 Smithsonite ZnCO3 rhomb 4.4 4.3 1.621 1.848 Sodalite Na8Al6Si6O24Cl2 cub 2.30 5.8 1.485 Sperrylite PtAs2 cub 10.58 6.5 Spessartite Mn3Al2Si3O12 cub 4.19 6.8 1.800 Sphalerite ZnS cub 4.0 3.8 2.369 Sphene CaTiSiO4(O,OH,F) monocl 3.50 5 1.90 1.95 2.03 Spinel MgAl2O4 cub 3.55 7.8 1.719 Spodumene LiAlSi2O6 monocl 3.13 6.8 1.656 1.662 1.671 Stannite Cu2FeSn4 tetr 4.4 4 Staurolite (Fe,Mg,Zn)2(Al,Fe,Ti)9O6 [(Si,Al)O4]4(O,OH)2 monocl 3.79 7.5 1.743 1.747 1.755 Stercorite Na(NH4)H(PO4)·4H2O tricl 1.62 2 1.439 1.442 1.469 Stibiotantalite Sb(Ta,Nb)O4 rhomb 6.6 5.5 2.38 2.41 2.46 Stibnite Sb2S3 orth 4.56 2 Stilbite NaCa2[Al5Si13O36]·14H2O monocl 2.2 3.8 1.492 1.499 1.503 Stilpnomelane (K,Na,Ca)0.6(Fe,Mg)6Si8Al (O,OH)27·2H2O monocl 2.8 3.5 1.585 1.665 1.665 Stolzite PbWO4 tetr 8.2 2.8 2.19 2.27 Strengite FePO4·2H2O orth 2.87 4 1.707 1.719 1.741 Strontianite SrCO3 orth 3.5 3.5 1.518 1.666 1.668 Struvite Mg(NH4)(PO4)·6H2O rhomb 1.71 2 1.495 1.496 1.504 Sulfur S orth 2.07 2 1.958 2.038 2.245 Sylvanite (Ag,Au)Te2 monocl 8.16 1.8 Sylvite KCl cub 1.99 2 1.490 Talc Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 monocl 2.71 1 1.545 1.592 1.595 Tantalite (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6 rhomb 7.95 6.5 2.26 2.32 2.43 Tapiolite FeTa2O6 tetr 7.9 6.3 2.27 2.42 Tellurobismuthite Bi2Te3 hex 7.74 1.8 Terlinguaite Hg2OCl monocl 8.73 2.5 2.35 2.64 2.66 Tetrahedrite (Cu,Fe)12Sb4S13 cub 4.9 3.8 Thenardite Na2SO4 orth 2.7 2.8 1.468 1.475 1.483
Name Formula system Density g/cm3 Hardness
nα nβ nγ
Thermonatrite Na2CO3·H2O orth 2.25 1.3 1.420 1.506 1.524 Thomsenolite NaCaAlF6·H2O monocl 2.98 2 1.407 1.414 1.415 Thorianite ThO2 cub 10.0 6.5 2.200 Thorite ThSiO4 tetr 6.7 4.8 1.8 Topaz Al2SiO4(OH,F)2 rhomb 3.53 8 1.618 1.620 1.627 Torbernite Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O tetr 3.22 2.3 1.582 1.592 Tourmaline Na(Mg,Fe,Mn,Li,Al)3Al6Si6O18 (BO3)3 rhomb 3.14 7 1.62 1.65 Tremolite Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH,F)2 monocl 3.0 5.5 1.599 1.612 1.622 Trevorite NiFe2O4 cub 5.33 7.8 2.3 Tridymite SiO2 hex 2.27 7 1.475 1.476 1.479 TriphylliteLithiophyllite
Li(Fe,Mn)PO4 rhomb 3.46 4.5 1.68 1.68 1.69
Troegerite (UO2)3(AsO4)2·12H2O tetr 2.5 1.59 1.630 Troilite FeS hex 4.7 4 Trona Na3H(CO3)2·2H2O monocl 2.14 2.8 1.412 1.492 1.540 Turquois Cu(Al,Fe)6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O tricl 2.9 5.3 1.70 1.73 1.75 Ullmannite NiSbS cub 6.65 5.3 Uraninite UO2 cub 11.0 5.5 Uvarovite Ca3Cr2Si3O12 cub 3.83 6.8 1.865 Valentinite Sb2O3 orth 5.7 2.8 2.18 2.35 2.35 Vanadinite Pb5(VO4)3Cl hex 6.8 2.9 2.350 2.416 Variseite-Strengite (Al,Fe)(PO4)·2H2O rhomb 2.72 4 1.635 1.654 1.668 Vaterite CaCO3 hex 2.71 1.550 1.645 Vermiculite (Mg,Ca)0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6[(Al,Si)8O20] (OH)4·8H2O monocl 2.3 1.5 1.542 1.556 1.556 Vesuvianite Ca10(Mg,Fe)2Al4(Si2O7)2(SiO4)5 (OH,F)4 tetr 3.33 6.5 1.72 1.73 Villiaumite NaF cub 2.78 2.3 1.327 Vivianite Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O monocl 2.58 1.8 1.598 1.629 1.652 Wagnerite Mg2(PO4)F monocl 3.15 5.3 1.568 1.572 1.582 Wavellite Al3(OH)3(PO4)2·5H2O rhomb 2.36 3.6 1.527 1.535 1.553 Whewellite CaC2O4·H2O cub 2.2 2.8 1.491 1.554 1.650 Willemite Zn2SiO4 hex 4.1 5.5 1.691 1.719 Witherite BaCO3 orth 4.29 3.5 1.529 1.676 1.677 Wolframite (Fe,Mn)WO4 monocl 7.3 4.3 2.26 2.32 2.42 Wollastonite CaSiO3 monocl 2.92 4.8 1.628 1.639 1.642 Wulfenite PbMoO4 tetr 6.7 2.9 2.283 2.403 Wurtzite ZnS hex 4.09 3.8 2.356 2.378 Xenotime YPO4 tetr 4.8 4.5 1.721 1.816 Zeunerite Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2·10H2O tetr 1.606 Zincite ZnO hex 5.6 4 2.013 2.029 Zircon ZrSiO4 tetr 4.6 7.5 1.94 1.99 Zoisite Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) rhomb 3.26 6 1.695 1.699 1.711
