ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the afuent countries and represent an immense clinical millstone. CVD is a broad scope of medical condition affecting the heart and/or blood vessels of the body, which includes atherosclerosis, coronary artery diseases, disorders of peripheral vascular system, congenital heart diseases, heart valve diseases, arrhythmia, orthostatic hypotension, hypertension, endocarditis, and aorta arterial diseases. However, atherosclerosis and subsequent thrombolytic complications are the deadly and disabling diseases in developed countries. A total of nearly 500,000 deaths occur annually in the United States, which is acute and really fatal. The signicant advances in the primary prevention of CVDs and the risk stratication are suboptimal in large segments of the population. Nevertheless, there has been immense expansive growth of clinical arsenals in treating CVDs with the discovery of new drugs and other therapeutic modalities. But still, the acute conditions of CVDs are not preventable and need immediate treatment. Considering the circumstances, continuous monitoring of chronic CVD patients is required to avoid them entering into any cardiovascular disaster. Nanoscience and technology that can create a myriad of opportunities in the advancement of medical science and disease treatment is considered as one of the paramount aspects.
