ABSTRACT
The principles of mass transfer are founded on the three themes common to most reactor problems: (1) a materials balance, (2) equilibrium, and (3) kinetics. The approach of this chapter is to apply such fundamentals as the basis for operational equations, which differ by the characteristics of the particular application, for example, surface aerators, diffused aeration, packed towers, stream reaeration, etc. The differences are due essentially to the means in which interfacial surface area is created, for example, surface renewal or bubbles, and its rate of creation, for example, rate of pumping or airflow, and to the turbulence scale and intensity.
