ABSTRACT

Manufacturing industry transforms raw materials into nished or seminished products through different operations. Such operations often rely on the integration of numerous components that frequently results in the generation of toxic or hazardous wastes. A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm, or adverse health effects under certain conditions at work. Basically, a hazard can cause harm or adverse effects to individuals (health effects) or to the organizations in the form of property or equipment losses. Manufacturing hazards affect people, machines, ecological systems, and other inhabitants of the environment. For example, dust, radiation, temperature, and other environmental factors are hazardous to people and equipment. It is therefore necessary to protect workers within a plant from the dangerous environmental conditions and the general public from the unsafe conditions created by the manufacturing operation or products of the plant.