ABSTRACT
Food products are “birthed” (created), “grow” (are actively sold for a prot) and “die” (cease to be protable or are otherwise terminated) just like living things; thus, the proverbial “product life cycle” (Figure 22.1). Like a racehorse foal, their creation does not come cheap; there is considerable
22.1 Why Are New Food Products Needed? ................................................................................ 585 22.1.1 Product Life Cycle .................................................................................................... 585 22.1.2 Changing Consumer Lifestyles: Why Consumer “Needs” Change Constantly ....... 586 22.1.3 Changing Food Technology: How Innovations in Ingredient and Processing
Technology Create Opportunities to Meet Changing Needs .................................... 589 22.2 Before R&D Begins .............................................................................................................. 590
22.2.1 Know Your Present Business .................................................................................... 590 22.2.2 Organize for R&D .................................................................................................... 591
22.3 New Product Development Process ...................................................................................... 591 22.3.1 Idea Generation ......................................................................................................... 592 22.3.2 Idea Screening .......................................................................................................... 593 22.3.3 Dening the Product Concept/Design: Concept Generation/Concept
Development ............................................................................................................. 593 22.3.3.1 Qualitative Research .................................................................................. 594 22.3.3.2 Quantitative Research ................................................................................ 594
22.3.4 Bench-Level Product Development .......................................................................... 595 22.3.5 Packaging Development ........................................................................................... 596 22.3.6 Scaling Up to Production .......................................................................................... 596
22.3.6.1 Formulation Scale-Up and Optimization ................................................... 596 22.3.6.2 Process and Equipment Scale-Up .............................................................. 596
22.3.7 Final Product/Process Specications and Technical Assessment ............................ 597 22.3.8 Central Location Test and Home Use Test ............................................................... 597
22.3.8.1 Central Location Testing ............................................................................ 597 22.3.8.2 Home Use Testing ...................................................................................... 598
22.4 Closed versus Open Innovation ............................................................................................ 598 22.4.1 Closed Innovation Model .......................................................................................... 598 22.4.2 Shift in Innovation Model ......................................................................................... 599 22.4.3 Open Innovation Model ............................................................................................ 599
21.5 Summary ..............................................................................................................................600 References ...................................................................................................................................... 601
investment required to birth a new product. That investment hopefully is recouped within a reasonable period of time after the introduction of the product for sale. If sales for the product are strong and continue to grow, prots beyond the break-even point (BEP) are realized (Figure 22.1).
