ABSTRACT
During recent years an increasing number of cardiac surgeons have resurrected the practice of unsupported
‘beating heart’ coronary operations for selected groups of patients. Kolosov (1967) popularized such techniques in the 1960s, whereas the technique has regained surgeons’ attention as a less invasive and alternative approach to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Long considered by surgeons as the gold standard, cardiopulmonary bypass-supported coronary procedures are now being closely questioned, as such procedures remain characterized by a number of significant side effects.
