ABSTRACT
Introduction The issue of change in personality and cognitive abilities is one of the more muddled areas of individual differences, for ‘change’ means different things to different psychologists and there is often confusion about what, precisely, is meant by the term. It seems that there are four quite different issues running through the literature:
1. Do levels of personality and/or ability vary in same-aged individuals over time? For example, are today’s 20 year olds any more or less neurotic than the 20 year olds in our grandparents’ generation?
