ABSTRACT
Inammation is a physiological response of the body to infection, irritation, and injury. At the site of the infection, inammation is one of the initial responses to the presence of pathogens and triggers immune action by recruiting phagocytes, which then attack and eradicate the invading pathogens and also interact with the adaptive immune system to generate a long-term response (Porta et al. 2011a; Balkwill and Mantovani 2001; Coussens and Werb 2002). In response to tissue injury, a series of events begin and continue for months and years to restore the aficted tissue (Coussens and Werb 2002; Stadelmann et al. 1998). Repairing of tissue injury/wound healing is a complex and dynamic process and can be divided into three distinct phases, namely, the inammatory phase, the proliferative phase, and the remodeling phase (Coussens and Werb 2002; Stadelmann et al. 1998). The inammatory phase involves activation and directional movement of leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, etc.) from the venous system to the sites of injury (Coussens and Werb 2002; Koh and DiPietro 2011). Neutrophils initiate wound healing by releasing early-response proinammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 1α (IL-1α), and IL-1β (Costin et al. 2012). These proinammatory cytokines facilitate leukocyte adherence to the
21.1 Inammation and Cancer ..................................................................................................... 401 21.1.1 Inammation and its Role in Neoplastic Development ............................................ 401 21.1.2 Inammatory Components in Tumor Microenvironment ........................................402 21.1.3 Key Molecular Mediators Linking Inammation to Cancer ....................................404 21.1.4 Inammation: Cancer-Preventive and Therapeutic Opportunities...........................406
