ABSTRACT

This chapter is about factors. Section 10.1 discusses what a factor is and introduces relevant concepts and notation. Sections 10.2 and 10.3 deal with structure on the observational units and show how to derive the null analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hasse diagrams are introduced as a way to visualize some relationships between factors. Section 10.4 deals with structure on the set of treatments and relates this to the set of candidate models for

of Design and Analysis of

the expectation of the response variable. Section 10.5 puts these together by introducing the design, which shows which treatment is allocated to which observational unit; the skeleton ANOVA is derived.