ABSTRACT
Energy management system (EMS) found in industrial, commercial, and residential sectors are of many types, ranging from the most complex ones found in electric industry down to the simplest ones utilized by the residential energy consumer. Independent of the application magnitude and sophistication, each EMS has its own unique requirements depending on the user’s needs. The power system operation’s major objectives are safety, reliability, energy supply security, and efficiency. The power system operation was regarded as a critical function from the electricity beginnings because it could significantly change the utility’s bottom line, affecting people’s safety and system reliability and has significant effects on operational costs associated with the deployment of electricity transmission, distribution, and generation resources. While safety, quality, reliability, and supply security are primary objectives governing power system operation, efficiency and economy are also important, meaning using process optimization while complying with safety, supply security, and reliability. However, efficiency applies to the operation of all power system segments: generation, transmission, and distribution system operation. On the other hand, safety is the most important criterion, aiming to ensure personnel, environmental, and property safety in many aspects of power system operations. Power quality is defined in terms of variables, such as frequency and voltage, which must conform to specific standards, in order to accommodate the operation of all loads connected to the system. Two control centers are usually implemented in any electric utility, one for generation, transmission system operation, and management, and the other one for the electrical distribution system operation. The former is referred to as energy management system (EMS), while the latter is referred to as the distribution management system (DMS). The two management systems are intended to help power system dispatchers in better power system monitoring, control, and operation. Energy management system and DMS must provide advanced and versatile functionalities while keeping the installation simple and running at lowest cost possible. These management systems should be integrated with users’ daily activities and expectations, while offering actionable feedback.
