ABSTRACT
An important mass transfer process is mass transport across thin membranes. Industrially, membranes are used to carry out separations of gases and to perform separations of liquid mixtures using reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration. In addition, membranes are important in natural processes since living cells are enclosed by one or more membranes. For living systems, it is important to determine how the movement of molecules and ions across cell membranes affects the biology of cells. In general, transport through membranes is driven by concentration, pressure, and/or electrical potential differences across the membrane.
