Imaging and Surgical Principles of the Propeller and Perforator Flaps of the Lower Limb

Preoperative imaging to assess the arterial anatomy of aps has been of interest to reconstructive surgeons since the earliest days of reconstructive microsurgery. At that time, microsurgery was considered the cutting edge, and the imaging modality most often used was the handheld Doppler probe. Presently, it is fundamental to assess the perforator vasculature as part of the preoperative workup, due to the increasingly technically demanding aps, designed on specic perforator vessels [1-4].