ABSTRACT
In the current healthcare climate which highly values patient safety, quality, and cost efciency, the simulated surgical experience, outside the clinical arena, is essential to surgical training. Great attention has been paid to the development of virtual reality (VR) simulators, which allow for basic surgical tasks to be practiced and mastered, and then competency to be documented in a consistent fashion. VR technology has also evolved to accommodate this role, including improved visual and haptic experience as well as the development of a robust associated curriculum. However, the animal model, and in particular the swine model, maintains an important role in simulated surgical training. The animals represent a unique medium for teaching tissue handling and dissection techniques and mastery of operative device technology. They are a cardinal mechanism for
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 383 General Considerations ..................................................................................................................384 Anatomic Considerations for Flexible Endoscopic Research ........................................................384 Performing Endoscopy ................................................................................................................... 388 Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ...................................................................... 388 Endoscopic Hemostasis (Gastrointestinal Bleeding) ..................................................................... 389 Colonoscopy ..................................................................................................................................390 Laryngoscopy and Bronchoscopy ..................................................................................................390 Training in Flexible Endoscopy .....................................................................................................390 Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery ..................................................................................... 392
Cholecystectomy ....................................................................................................................... 393 Small Intestinal Anastomosis .................................................................................................... 394 Colonic Anastomosis ................................................................................................................. 394 Vagotomy and Hiatal Procedures .............................................................................................. 394 Nephrectomy and Renal Ablation ............................................................................................. 395 Inguinal Herniorrhaphy ............................................................................................................. 395 Appendectomy .......................................................................................................................... 396 Splenectomy .............................................................................................................................. 396 Adrenalectomy .......................................................................................................................... 396 Urinary Bladder Procedures ...................................................................................................... 396 Reproductive Procedures ........................................................................................................... 396 Thoracoscopy ............................................................................................................................ 396 Laparoscopic Ultrasonography ................................................................................................. 397
Postoperative Care for Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Procedures ................................................ 397 Natural Orice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery ........................................................................ 397 Surgical Robotics ........................................................................................................................... 398 References ...................................................................................................................................... 399
learning complex tasks and rening techniques to improve patient care. In addition, given the rapid pace of innovation in minimally invasive surgery, including advanced techniques in therapeutic endoscopy, complex laparoscopy, and robotic operations, the swine model is an invaluable resource in procedure development and training. The DVD attached with this textbook contains demonstration videos of both laparoscopic and natural orice transluminal endoscopic surgical procedures performed as nonsurvival procedures in a pig (Figure 13.1).
