ABSTRACT
General Principles of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Surgical Anatomy .......................................... 214 Median sternotomy.................................................................................................................... 227 Postsurgical Pneumothorax Management ................................................................................. 229
Pulmonary System .........................................................................................................................230 Tracheostomy and Tracheotomy ...............................................................................................230 Pneumonectomy and Lobectomy ..............................................................................................234 Pulmonary Transplant ............................................................................................................... 235
Cardiovascular System ................................................................................................................... 236 Peripheral Vascular Cannulation and Chronic Catheterization Techniques .............................. 236
General Principles ................................................................................................................ 236 General Surgical Principles for Catheterization ................................................................... 237 Catheter Design .................................................................................................................... 239 Catheter Patency: Maintenance ............................................................................................242 Neck Vessels: External and Internal Jugular Veins and Carotid Artery ................................242 Leg Vessels ........................................................................................................................... 247 Portal Vein ............................................................................................................................249 Other Blood Vessels ............................................................................................................. 252 Postoperative Considerations ............................................................................................... 253
Vascular Anastomosis................................................................................................................ 253 Arteriovenous and Venovenous Fistulas and Vascular Shunts ..................................................256 Atriotomy and Ventriculotomy .................................................................................................. 257 Valvular Surgery ........................................................................................................................ 258 Aortic and Pulmonary Artery Banding, Ligation of the Ductus Arteriosus, and Chronic Instrumentation ..................................................................................................... 259 Myocardial Infarction and Associated Arrhythmias ................................................................. 262 Vascular Aneurysms ..................................................................................................................265
