ABSTRACT
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Scaling in industrial water systems is caused by the precipitation of sparingly soluble salts dissolved in the feed water. During water system (desalination processes, boilers, cooling loops) operation, the solubility of sparingly soluble salts (or minerals) can be exceeded and may cause precipitation (scaling) and deposition of these salts (or mineral scales) on various substrates. Common mineral scales encountered include calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, calcium phosphate, silica, and metal silicates. Other less commonly found scales include calcium uoride, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphonate, strontium sulfate, and cupric sulde. Silicaand metal silicate-based salts have been described as the most problematic foulants in industrial water systems operating with silica-laden feed water [1].
