ABSTRACT
The calcium carbonate mineral scale formation occurs in industrial and biological systems including commercial water treatment [1,2], desalination [3-6], and biocalcication [7,8]. Carbonate minerals form resistant scales (due to water hardness)
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Experimental .................................................................................................. 17
2.2.1 Materials and Methods ....................................................................... 17 2.2.2 Solution Analysis ................................................................................ 19 2.2.3 Calcite Growth Rate Measurements ...................................................20 2.2.4 Experimental Conditions .................................................................... 21 2.2.5 Constant Composition Experiment ..................................................... 21 2.2.6 Seeded Growth Conditions ................................................................. 21 2.2.7 Calcite Growth Rate Determination ...................................................23 2.2.8 Calcite Growth Rate in the Presence of PCAs ...................................23
