ABSTRACT
The multiple streams (MS) framework of the policy process explains choice in policy making under conditions of ambiguity and proposes a theory of political manipulation. The MS identifies three conceptually separate and usually parallel streams (problems, policies, and politics) flowing through the system as having their own dynamics and rules. At critical points in time, termed open “policy windows,” the streams are merged through the efforts of policy entrepreneurs. The chances that an issue will receive serious attention and a particular policy will be adopted increase dramatically when all three streams are coupled through strategic manipulation by skillful, resourceful, and well-positioned policy entrepreneurs.
