ABSTRACT
Systems thinking (equivalently, systems approaches, engineering and studies) gives a methodology for dealing with problems, not only technical and organizational problems but also social, political, environmental (natural environment), and others problems. The methodology is essentially based on generalizations of real cases. Systems thinking involves abstraction-the process of formulating generalized ideas or concepts by extracting common qualities from specific examples. It in tegrates disciplines and offers unifying principles and a common language. Its goal is to provide an all-encompassing treatment of systems (but that goal has only partly been reached at the present day). It breaks down the jargon barrier between disciplines (though in doing so, it necessarily in troduces new jargon). It is a holistic approach that looks at the interaction of the system with all outside the system (referred to as the environment, a term not to be confused with the natural environment), and the interaction of the system components. With large-scale, complicated, and interactive systems, it becomes multidisciplinary.
