ABSTRACT
The discipline of bioprocess engineering comprises three components: the bio, the process, and the engineering. The bio component is what comes out of biotechnology innovations. A couple of decades ago, this meant a biological catalyst or engine that had the potential of producing a myriad of useful products; now biotechnology has begun to yield surprisingly diversi-ed products, widely expanding the scope of bioprocess engineering. The process part involves converting a biotechnological discovery into a practical method (process), such as an upstream process, a microarray, or a mold for growing stem cells. Process development requires extensive use of scientic and engineering principles. The engineering component is responsible for operating a process to an optimal commercial level.
