ABSTRACT

Fluid equations are conventionally obtained by taking velocity space moments of the kinetic equation (see Section 3.2),

∂ fs ∂t + v · ∇ fs + as · ∇v fs = Cs( f ). (4.1)

Here, ∇ ≡ ∂/∂r, ∇v ≡ ∂/∂v, and as =

es ms

(E + v × B). (4.2)

Furthermore, es and ms are the species-s electrical charge and mass, respectively, whereas E and B are the ensemble-averaged electromagnetic fields.