ABSTRACT
The incidence and prevalence of childhood urolithiasisis varies widely throughout the world. In Turkey and Southeast Asia, urolithiasis remains an endemic disease, with an estimated incidence in Turkish schoolchildren of 0.8%.1 Bladder stones composed of ammonium urate and uric acid indicate dietary etiologies for the disproportionate incidence of urolithiasis in endemic areas. In contrast, pediatric renal stones are rare in North America, with nephrolithiasis accounting for 1 in 1000 to 1 in 7600 pediatric hospital admissions, depending on the geographical region.2 The incidence of stone disease in children is only one-tenth of that in adults.3,4 The southeast United States predominates in prevalence.
