ABSTRACT
Problems associated with the testis such as hernia/hydrocele, testicular torsion, and varicocele are common in infants and children. Although these diagnoses can be difficult to make at times, problems associated with the testes mandate accurate and prompt recognition in order to prevent potential testicular damage or loss. Management options are often diverse and controversial, requiring the clinician to be aware of these issues in counseling the patients or their parents. These conditions can be corrected surgically, but there may be long-term consequences such as testicular atrophy and infertility that require further follow-up care after surgical management.
