ABSTRACT
Electroacoustic devices such as microphones and loudspeakers are used in cars, homes, churches, sports arenas, mobile phones, and many other places; they are key parts in the modern communication society because they help transmit information. Microphones and loudspeakers are always operated in a surrounding environment about which the designer may know little. The nal arbiter is the listener, whose ability to hear features varies considerably between listeners, and, for a particular listener, also with time, general condition, memory, etc. Since electroacoustic engineering is multidisciplinary, any electroacoustic design will, of necessity, be a compromise between many factors. These factors make electroacoustics a fascinating and challenging eld in engineering.
