ABSTRACT
Lipid peroxidation is a general process that occurs when unsaturated (i.e., prone to oxidation) lipids are in the presence of oxidant compounds. This can happen within living organisms, in food, or during food processing, giving rise to similar products, wherever the process takes place. So the compounds produced are often quali-ed as “endogenous lipid oxidation products,” because they are a consequence of endogenous oxidative stress, but it is important to bear in mind that they can also be considered as “contaminants” or “food neoformed products” because they can enter the body through the digestive tract. This consideration is especially important for
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 387 Structure and Reactivity of Lipid Peroxidation Products ...................................... 388 Lipid Peroxidation Originating Enals Make Adducts with DNA: They Are Genotoxic and Mutagenic Agents .......................................................................... 389
Exocyclic Adducts ............................................................................................. 389 Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity .........................................................................390 Focus on Lipid Oxidation Products and Colorectal Cancer: DNA Adducts ..... 391
Lipid Peroxidation Originating Enals Make Adducts with Proteins, and Play a Role in Cellular Signaling Pathways, at Pathological and at Physiological Concentrations: A Role in Cancer Promotion? ...................................................... 391
Reactivity with Proteins .................................................................................... 391 Occurrence of Lipid Oxidation Products-Protein Adducts in Cancer .............. 392 Protein Adducts and Functions.......................................................................... 393 Lipid Oxidation Products, Cellular Pathways and Cancer ................................ 393
Nrf2/Keap1-ARE Pathway ........................................................................... 394 Nf-κB Pathway ............................................................................................. 396 Protein Kinase C ........................................................................................... 396 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ............................................................. 397
Focus on Lipid Oxidation Products and Colorectal Cancer: Promoting Effect of HNE: An Interplay between Apc Mutation and Nrf2/ARE Pathway ... 397
Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 398 References .............................................................................................................. 398
digestive diseases and cancer, because the digestive tract is the primary target organ for these compounds. For this reason, there is, in this chapter, a special focus on lipid peroxidation products and colorectal cancer.
