ABSTRACT
The Li-ion battery, which was first commercialized by Sony in 1991, is now widely used in many aspects of human life. Due to its relatively high energy density, long cycle life, and good safety, the application areas of Li-ion batteries have expanded rapidly in recent years, ranging from portable and small-scale electronic equipment to electric vehicles and large electricity storage equipment. Technical advancement continuously propels the performance of Li-ion batteries to fulfill increasing market demand. However, practical performance, including energy density, power density, and cycle life at the current levels will be difficult to sustain for the future demand of mass applications of Li-ion batteries in large energy-storage systems, especially in electric cars. Therefore, great effort has been and will continue to be made by scientists and engineers all over the world to improve the performance of Li-ion batteries.
